Aim and Objectives
Apoptosis is the process of programmed cell execution that helps to remove weakened and dying cells from the organism to replace them with new ones. This mechanism is affected by diabetes mellitus due to various chemical, biological, and physiological changes that the body undergoes as the disease spreads (Anuradha et al. 744). Several studies have been dedicated to analyzing the connection between diabetes mellitus and the process of apoptosis (Johnson 880; Anuradha 746). The purpose of this study is to investigate the existing body of information regarding apoptosis processes and their connection with diabetes mellitus and synthesize it regarding the mechanisms and systems affected by the disease. This systematic review will highlight the important findings and provide succinct information to be used as a basis for further study and research.
Research Questions
In the scope of this study, several research questions have been identified. The data collection process will focus on answering the following inquiries:
- What is the connection between apoptosis and insulin deficiency in diabetes mellitus?
- What is the connection between apoptosis and autoimmunity in diabetes mellitus?
- What is the connection between genetic predisposition towards diabetes mellitus and alterations in the apoptosis mechanism?
Research Design
Nevertheless, the proposed research will be a qualitative-type study, which is the only type of investigation available as it does not require considerable resources and the creation of a specific environment. The research will be conducted through a database search of several medical databases, such as the NCBI, Medline, Cochrane, Medscape, and ProQuest. To find relevant information, a predetermined set of keywords will be used. The source’s research would have to be published within the last five years to ensure that the data corresponds to the latest scientific findings.
Indicative Bibliography
Anuradha, Rachakatla, et al. “Apoptosis of Beta Cells in Diabetes Mellitus.” DNA and Cell Biology, vol. 33, no. 11, 2014, pp. 743-748.
This article develops the subject of apoptosis in its connection to the beta cells in diabetes mellitus. The particular point of interest in this source is the information regarding the connection between autoimmunity towards the disease and apoptosis. According to Anuradha et al., subjects that have a genetic predisposition towards diabetes mellitus exhibit the signs of infection-associated molecular mimicry as well as early developmental remodeling of the beta-cell homeostasis that revolves around the apoptosis process (743). As a result, these processes together trigger the mechanisms of autoimmunity.
Bonneford, Amelie, and Philippe Froguel. “Rare and Common Genetic Events in Type 2 Diabetes: What Should Biologists Know?” Cell Metabolism, vol. 21, no. 3, 2015, pp. 357-368.
The article by Bonneford and Froguel examines the relationship between various genetic events and the process of type 2 diabetes. According to the research, the development of diabetes revolves around multiple factors of genetic and non-genetic nature (Bonneford and Froguel 357). The article suggests a connection between genetic alterations in apoptosis and the pathogenic processes of the disease. Some of the constructs affected by genetic susceptibility to the illness include the apoptosis signaling process and a number of regulatory genes.
Johnson, James, et al. “Mechanisms of Pancreatic β-Cell Apoptosis in Diabetes and Its Therapies.” Islets of Langerhans, edited by Islam Shahidul, Springer, 2014, pp. 873-894.
This chapter describes the mechanisms of beta-cell apoptosis and its relation to insulin deficiency, which is a common symptom of diabetes mellitus. According to Johnson et al., there is a possibility of insulin deficiency being caused by the reduction of the total insulin-secretion cell mass, attributed to defunct apoptosis mechanisms (890). Although there is no direct proof that apoptosis plays a causative role in insulin deficiency, the researchers assume that several cross-sectional studies state that it has at least a supportive effect behind the lack of insulin.
Prasad, Rashmi, and Leif Groop. “Genetics of Type 2 Diabetes – Pitfalls and Possibilities.” Genes, vol. 6, no. 1, 2015, pp. 87-123.
This study elaborates on the genetics of type 2 diabetes and analyzes their connection to the apoptosis process. According to Prasad and Groop, there is a correlation between genotypes that indicates the association between gene mutations and cell death mechanisms (121). The results recorded in this article can be compared to others to detect significant similarities and differences between the two.
Works Cited
Anuradha, Rachakatla, et al. “Apoptosis of Beta Cells in Diabetes Mellitus.” DNA and Cell Biology, vol. 33, no. 11, 2014, pp. 743-748.
Bonneford, Amelie, and Philippe Froguel. “Rare and Common Genetic Events in Type 2 Diabetes: What Should Biologists Know?” Cell Metabolism, vol. 21, no. 3, 2015, pp. 357-368.
Johnson, James, et al. “Mechanisms of Pancreatic β-Cell Apoptosis in Diabetes and Its Therapies.” Islets of Langerhans, edited by Islam Shahidul, Springer, 2014, pp. 873-894.
Prasad, Rashmi, and Leif Groop. “Genetics of Type 2 Diabetes – Pitfalls and Possibilities.” Genes, vol. 6, no. 1, 2015, pp. 87-123.