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Struggling with a criminology essay?
We will tell you how to write it step by step. In this article, you will find an outline, writing prompts, and ideas for your essay. And there is also a selection of free essay templates at the end.
These concepts are tightly related, but there is a difference between them. Let’s take a look:
Law is the broadest concept. It is a set of rules that regulate the behavior of the people of a state. Below are listed the main types of law:
Criminology is a science that studies crime. Criminologists research and analyze all types of criminal behavior. The main fields of criminology are criminal profiling and forensic psychology.
Criminal justice focuses on enforcing the law and fighting crime. It uses the theoretical knowledge gained by criminologists to investigate crime and rehabilitate felons. For example, the police combine criminology and criminal justice specialists.
So, we prepared a short guide on how to write an essay on criminology. In this part, we will discuss the topics and structure of your future essay.
First of all, you have to choose your topic. You can just pick something interesting that you heard during class or explore the areas of your interest. It may not seem like an easy task, but we prepared a selection of titles for you. Let’s take a look.
Here is our list of criminology essay topics:
Now its’s time to plan your essay. Here is our outline sample of a persuasive or argumentative essay on the topic of Racism in the criminal justice system.
So, now you are ready to write your criminology essay! Check our essay templates below in case you need some inspiration.
Introduction The Articles of Confederation emerged as an issue of great debate among the United States citizens after the American Revolution. Encouraged by victory over the European crown, they claimed that the article was inadequate in governing the central authority. This is because it had no recognized executive power. In...
OJ Simpson Case Introduction This paper presents a detailed report on the criminal case of O. J. Simpson, a known ex-athlete who was charged with a murder of his ex-wife Nicole Brown Simpson and her friend Ron Goldman. The paper will explore the investigation and trial that went on in...
Do you think parents should be held responsible for children’s crimes? Who should be punished when a child causes trouble at school or in public? Find out in this essay! Introduction There is no doubt that some children engage in criminal activities, perhaps thinking that they are invincible. Some of...
Do you want to join the police and become a police officer when you grow up? Then make sure to check out this “why I want to be a police officer” short essay! Here, you’ll learn more about the author’s ambition. So, why do you want to become a police...
Introduction A magistrate is an official of the court who presides over lower-level criminal and civil proceedings. In the United Kingdom, magistrates, often called Justices of the Peace (JPs), are essential in delivering local justice. According to the Ministry of Justice (2023), over 12,000 volunteer magistrates in England and Wales...
Introduction Though it is hard to disagree that this is a wonderful world, unfortunately, there are several disadvantages and adverse factors influencing people’s experience throughout their lives. For example, one of the primary and serious problems is the high crime rate and the vast number of offenders. A way to...
Introduction The five-year-old case of Chris Watts stands apart from other family annihilators cases. Unlike other men who killed wives and children, Chris Watts did not attempt to kill himself after the crime and has no history of domestic violence, other crimes, or socioeconomic problems. However, the reasons that prompted...
Introduction Maintaining balances between separate governmental branches is a crucial idea for an appropriate distribution of power held by the state. Historically, national leaders have incorporated the methods that ensure the equal allocation of authority to different state agencies into the political system, attempting to enforce the fair use of...
Introduction Richard Kuklinski, otherwise known as The Iceman, was a high-profile contract and serial killer for several decades. He was renowned for his brutal killings of over 100 people. After his capture and imprisonment, he was interviewed and assessed by a psychiatrist. Kuklinski exhibited psychopathic traits in his behavior, perspectives,...
Introduction A map is an actual representation in a diagram of an area of land with a detailed illustration of key features, cities, roads, and other physical elements. Also, the map entails symbolic projection and depiction of actual elements in the ground while maintaining actual spaces between objects. A map...
One of the essential attributes of our social and individual life is the law. The constitutional conception views the law as an act of legal force, adopted by the supreme body of the state in a predetermined manner and a particular form. The development of a constitutional understanding of the...
Russian Mafia vs Italian Mafia: Introduction Organized crime groups exist in many countries, but the most powerful groups are Russian and Italian mafia. There is a great difference between origins and predispositions of the Italian and Russian organized crime groups. The Russian mafia was influenced by political and economic changes,...
Introduction Think tanks behind the juvenile justice systems intended to create rehabilitative mechanisms to reform juvenile offenders of minor crimes. However, it seems as if the youth perpetrate their crimes because they know that they do not stand punished by the juvenile justice system (Flesch 583). Suffice to say, the...
Speeding is driving past the set speed limit or driving excessively fast. Though it is tempting to speed while driving, the drawbacks of speeding surpass its gains. The majority of drivers speed to reach their destinations, for instance, an appointment or workplace in time. While speeding, some drivers do not...
Introduction The US criminal system is under the judicial system, which is divided into federal and state courts. The federal court includes the Supreme Court that deals with federal issues such as trade disputes, limitary and government lawsuits. In the US, criminal cases are heard by trial courts that have...
Introduction T.L.O, whose real name is Tracy Lois Odem was a teenager and a student in high school. She was suspected of dealing with drugs by the school administration. Upon searching for her, a list containing students’ who owed her money was found in her purse, along with cigarettes and...
Introduction Law and its foundations always have a particular connection with morality, especially in the contexts of society. While morality is generally determined as a kit of principles and values guiding individuals’ decisions and behaviors, the law is invented to maintain and promote shared ethics, primarily by defending people. Nevertheless,...
Introduction Family is an important sociological construct that often requires legal protection. Indian law does not have a specific policy that supervises all family formation behaviors, but the government has formulated several regulations that control various aspects of the institution of a family. For instance, family law in India encompasses...
Introduction Traffic regulations are a specific set of rules devised by the country’s government that must be followed on every road in that state. They are intended to protect both people and motorists on the road. Traffic laws are enacted to improve the country’s transportation network. If these rules are...
The crime level has been a severe issue for society since the genesis of the world’s earliest civilizations. However, it was only in the 19th century when various scholars decided to examine patterns of behavior and social environment of the criminals in order to establish regularities between those factors and...
Background Salomon v Salomon Co. Ltd case has gained importance as it was the case recognizing the corporation as a distinct entity from the persons constituting the company. Salomon was carrying on the business as a leather merchant and boot manufacturer for quite some time. At a certain point in...
Introduction Crime is a very complex phenomenon that cannot be explained by a single theory or theoretical framework. There are very many types of crimes that are committed against humanity some of which include theft, murder, robbery, fraud, sexual assault, manslaughter and other offenses that are termed as criminal. When...
Introduction In the case of the United States against Marta Stewart and Peter Bacanovic, the court provided a critique of the original case of 79 Sickels 538, Court of Appeals of New York, Second Division. HAMER v. SIDWAY. April 14, 1891. In the original case, the court ruled in favor...
Introduction Crime and punishment was a major concern for people throughout history and since the establishment of social life. The earliest story of crime and its punishment can be referred to as the biblical story of Adam and Eve, and the story of Cain and Abel. Throughout history, the law...
Introduction When an organization seeks to accomplish its goals of performance excellence and competitive advantage, it is only natural that it should pay particular attention to the selection of qualified professionals as employees. Indeed, in the contemporary world of competitive economies and innovative organizations, human resources and talent are regarded...
A common technique used in modern law enforcement is offender profiling. Driven by the use of investigative tools, evidence, and data, forensics can provide characteristics which can aid in the identification, apprehension, and conviction of an offender. While it is less common that a specific perpetrator is identified, criminal profiling...
Introduction The scientists engaged in the research into human learning and development have long emphasized the importance of the environment and community surrounding a young individual since these factors impact the behaviors and values that a person adopts. Juvenile delinquency is defined as “the habitual committing of criminal acts or...
Theories of Victimology: Essay Introduction As the field of criminology evolved, it primarily focused on the criminals, without looking into the victims of crime. However, understanding the role of a victim in a crime has gained scholarly respectability in contemporary times, which has given rise to theories of victimization. These...
Introduction Historically, every country has had to develop its governance framework. A constitution is a legal document specifying how a country should be governed by specifying every citizen’s rights, regulations, and requirements. The U.S. and the State of Georgia have constitutions written in different historical times and contain several similarities...
The disadvantage of the dual court system is that there are differences across the nation that imply distinct systems, and people can face biases and penalties for a violation or crime. The state law manages the power of state law, that is why the rulings about what is illegal or...
Punishment is believed to be one of the most efficient methods of ensuring the individual’s reconsidering of one’s actions after breaching the law. The punishment as a notion is then divided into some major types according to the scope of a committed crime. Hence, some of the punishments issued after...
The issue of security has received deficient attention with much focus being directed towards the clause of State security. The vulnerability of the state to certain threats and its military capabilities has been on the forefront in regard to security matters in most cases. However, the emergence of concepts related...
In some circumstances, a patient may be enduring painful suffering from a terminal disease. Assuming the likelihood of the illness being treated to free the individual from the agony is zero, the client may choose to allow the doctor to intentionally end his life. The act by which a physician...
This paper analyses impact of death penalty. Actually, capital punishment refers to a death sentence on individuals who have committed unlawful deeds. Indeed, such punishment arises due to capital offences. Death penalty is normally conducted by knocking out head from an individual’s body. Initially, death penalty was practiced by many...
Thesis The connection between the law and morality is rather controversial as, on the one hand, morality must be separated from law and on the other hand, morality is an inherent part of the law. Introduction The problem of law and morality is rather difficult, as many believe that there...
Abstract The paper compares elements of civil and common law. It gives a brief history of each of the legal systems in an attempt to explain their background. The origin of civil law is traced back from the Roman Empire while common law derives its origins from England. Areas of...
Introduction Brandon Bledsoe’s arrest provides valuable information about the U.S criminal justice system. The criminal justice system sanctions the guilty and protects the innocent (Maculan & Gil, 2020). Bledsoe’s case showcases all procedures of the criminal justice system concerning murder and arson. The process begins with arrest and ends with...
The concepts of leadership and management in policing are often misunderstood. According to Kingshott (2006), “the role of the modern police management is to impart on the individual officer the management and leadership skills necessary to exercise their discretion responsibly” (p. 121). Nowadays, “police aim at problem-solving instead of crime...
Majority Decision of Supreme Court Two of the three presiding judges of appeal dissented with the ruling that had denied the accused an appeal. The first judge argued that leaving the ‘defense of provocation’ with the jury was inappropriate without proper judicial instruction. Additionally, the appeals judge said that the...
Introduction The hierarchy of courts describes the arrangement in order of authority and influence in the judicial system. The arrangement determines the decisions that are binding to various classes of courts in the system. Courts that are ranked higher in the hierarchy have the ultimate authority to make decisions that...
Introduction The concept of criminal liability has developed over the course of time. The decision-making processes based on the principles of common law and the judicial interpretation of the existing statutory laws have shaped the legislation with regard to criminal matters. In this regard, the two key elements of criminal liability,...
Introduction The book How Democratic is the American Constitution? by Robert A. Dahl is a provocative examination of the American constitution. The book challenges the notions that most Americans hold regarding the sacred nature of the U.S. Constitution and its role as the foundation of Democracy. However, the circumstances under...
Three Types of Trial Exhibits In legal understanding, exhibits represent the tangible items that the sides in the trial have to present in order to support their claims and testimonies of the witnesses (McClure and Eimermann 356). There are three types of trial exhibits; they are physical evidence, documentary evidence,...
Introduction There are several models that are supposed to describe and explain deviance or crime. Among them one can distinguish Differential Association Theory introduced by Edwin Sutherland and Robert Merton’s Strain Theory. This paper is aimed at discussing these frameworks. In particular, it is important to examine the main concepts...
Summary Governments adopted different laws and regulations to determine relationships between employers and workers, protect consumers, prevent corruption, and promote a secure work environment. The principal purpose of employment law is to defend employees from various forms of labor exploitation, discrimination, and harassment. It guarantees the fundamental employee rights concerning...
Introduction Edward Gein was born in August 1906 to a drunkard father and a bitter mother who from a tender age instilled in her sons the notion that the world and women, in particular, were full of evil. Ed and his brother Henry were daily subjected to horrific stories from...
Introduction The strain theory investigates the correlation between the stressors of everyday life and the impact they may have on individuals, pushing them to commit a crime. Juvenile delinquency is a sensitive topic, and the strain theory perfectly explains the cause of crimes amongst the youngest members of society (Chen...
There are many types of investigation methods used by investigators. They comprise inductive reasoning, theory, synthesis, priori, posterior, deduction, hypothesis, classification, and analysis. Any of these approaches assist investigators in their investigations. Inductive reasoning is the method of thinking that starts with concrete details to draw a general inference (Osterburg...
Introduction This case study’s purpose is to show an in-depth comprehension of tort law, with particular attention paid to tort law. The topic of carelessness will receive the most attention in Tort Law, and students will learn about its practical applications by analyzing a media piece pertinent to the construction...
Introduction The Nix v. Williams case established an “inevitable discovery,” an exemption to the exclusionary rule, in the United States Supreme Court. As “fruit of the poisonous tree,” most evidence gathered in violation of the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution, that protects against arbitrary searches and seizures, is...
The phenomenon of forensic psychology has always been an ambivalent notion in terms of its interpretation. According to the researchers, the primary idea behind this branch of criminology was to investigate the insane behavior of offenders, which concerns some severe cases of mental disorders and psychopathy (McLaughlin & Muncie, 2019)....
Introduction Crime is an act which exists in every culture, the news and newspaper articles all over the world tell stories of misdemeanors every day. People constantly demonstrate absurd behaviors and violate social norms and laws. Each criminal always has their own motives for committing a certain deed, and they...
Various biological factors can cause criminal behavior in an individual. They include genetic influence, family history, and psychosocial aspects. Charles Albright’s family history is believed to have significantly influenced his engagement in serial killing. An analysis by Coyle et al. (2015) illustrated that Charles fitted the diagnosis of someone with...
Three methods of measuring crimes. Their advantages and disadvantages Usually, scholars single out three major methods of measuring crime: official statistics, the survey of victims, and self-report analysis (Tierney, 2004). Each of these techniques has its advantages and disadvantages. Only their combined usage can give in-depth insights into the criminological...
Introduction Victimology is the scientific study of victims of crime, including their characteristics and behaviors. It is a relatively new field that emerged in the mid-20th century as a response to the growing victimization of individuals and groups. It aims to understand why some people are more likely to be...
A face recognition system is an analytical technology intended at identifying or verifying a particular individual by their facial traits using an image, video, or in real-time mode. Currently, facial recognition is applied in different places, including police departments, airlines, retailers, and schools for many tasks, from controlling student attendance...
In the last few decades, the world has embraced rise of many technological changes in almost all aspects of life. Many benefits have come up due to these developments as well as endangerment of people’s lives. The internet, cell phones, and ATM machines are some of the new technologies that...
Introduction Although different types of crime have distinct causes, biological theories explain the foundation of most antisocial behaviors. Criminalities constitute deviant behaviors that violate the prevailing standards or norms and are punishable by the state or other authorities. Criminologists have identified various antecedents to crime and classified them into biological,...
Theories that define why some members of society break laws and others never move in such direction are spread among multiple disciplines, such as sociology, psychology, and criminology. All of these theories seek for understanding of the motivational factors of crime and claim that deviance significantly impacts it. Giddens et...
Lily Grey who was aged about fifty two was on her just six-month old Ford Pinto in May, 1972. While crossing San Bernardino, her Pinto abruptly stopped in the middle lane of Interstate of California. Her Pinto was dashed by another car that trailed her car on the highway. Due...
As a rule, in the research context, variables can be represented on four levels. These are the nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio-based ones (Maxfield, 2015). The specified approaches to measurement allow obtaining accurate data and assessing it accordingly. For example, the nominal-level variables may include data concerning the characteristics such...
Facts Whren v. United States is a lawsuit that entered the Supreme Court of the US. The dispute occurred between young African American Michael Whren and the United States. Whren’s motion says that the search of the car in which he was a passenger by officers in an unmarked car...
In the justice system, there are a number of ways to discuss and evaluate crime, based on the different metrics of documenting it. In particular, the two major methods to collected crime statistics are official crime data and self-reported statistics from particular areas of a city (Mosher et al., 2011)....
Introduction By definition, byelaws are laws or provisions passed by the local government or authorities. Primarily, they are passed by the local authorities with the objective of solving or preventing the occurrence of certain issues (Keene 2002). The authority of state law, charter or provincial, specifies the concerns which may...
The modern society is characterized by the increasing extent of globalization. The concept of globalization refers to the “intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa” (Giddens, 1990, p.64). This process...
The question of who has the right to pronounce and dispense punishment to a criminal, what constitutes a crime, and what role does the family and community have in both preventing and allowing crime to flourish has been the foundation of the criminal justice system throughout time. Dave Garland followed...
In coherent society the issue of education is of a great importance. Millions of children go to school every year and, that is why, it is vital to guarantee good conditions for their study. Usually, it is for a state to decide what things will be better for pupils, what...
Differential Association Theory Author First of all, it makes sense to introduce the author of the differential association theory. Edwin Sutherland was born in 1883 in Nebraska. He received a PhD in sociology and political economy. After that, he pursued a career in criminology, becoming one of the most recognized specialists in...
Introduction As a jury member in Liebeck v. McDonald’s, my decision would have favored Liebeck based on the elements of negligence, which include duty, breach, causation, and damages. The case revolves around the tort concept of negligence, which requires the plaintiff to prove that the defendant owed a duty of...
Introduction The individual discussed in the case is Aileen Wuornos, born in Michigan on February 29, 1956. She is the youngest of two Wuornos children, with her late brother Keith being the eldest. Her family members severely abused and traumatized Aileen during her childhood and formative years. Her father, convicted...
Abstract People often leave a unique mark in the form of fingerprints when they touch items and surfaces such as cups, tables, laptops, and door handles. It has been long established that two individuals cannot have the same fingerprints. Even in the case of identical twins who have the same...
Introduction In the epoch of Capitalism, the law of contract is widely used in political, social, and economic aspects of life. The purpose of contracts is to establish legal relations between the parties involved in the process. Consequently, their actions are supposed to be aligned to the conditions and duties...
Introduction The development of criminological theory occurs with the transformation of the political and social system. Since the judicial system is an instrument for ensuring public order and stability, it primarily responds to the current needs of society. Historically, the criminological theory has shifted its focus from studying crime and...
Introduction In the history of prosecutions in the United States, Mr. Hernandez’s murder trial elucidated mixed reactions from the public. The former football star for the New England Patriots was accused of killing his long-time friend Odin Lloyd whose body was found near his home with gunshots in June 2013...
Introduction The modern world has experienced complexity and chaos. Criminality has given us too much headache, forcing us to live in fear. While we have the technology to deter crime, criminals are also using technology to commit crime. One of the fastest ways to commit crime is through the Internet....
Theory The social bond theory was developed by Travis Hirschi in 1969 to address social problems among delinquents and provide practical solutions on how these social problems could be solved. The theory which is one way or another similar to the social control theory originated from the Functionalist theories of...
Introduction The criminal justice system follows two models to pursue justice or promote the operation of the process, which are crime control and the due process. Herbert L. Packer, the author of the article “Two Models of the Criminal Process,” offers a detailed analysis of these frameworks, the gulf existing...
Abstract The Choctaw Three refers to Victoria Bell Banks, Medell Banks, and Dianne Bell Tucker, who were indicted and prosecuted in the great State of Alabama for the capital murder of a child that never existed. This case demonstrates what transpires when a prosecutor fails to adhere to the standards...
Introduction The development of fingerprint expertise significantly impacted the investigation process and improved their overall quality. This technique allowed forensic specialists to accurately examine the crime scene and make evidence-based assumptions about the possible suspects. One of the most outstanding examples of the role of fingerprints during investigation is the...
Abstract This work’s primary objective is to research and analyze victimless crimes, namely drug abuse and sex work, from the viewpoint of criminology. For these purposes, various criminological theories were applied to victimless crimes to explore the problem from different perspectives. The research results have shown that causations of drug...
Involved Parties and Access to Justice The case focuses on the judicial procedures regarding the sentencing of a perpetrator in Australia. Although a separate nation, it is also a member state of the Commonwealth of Nations. Australia’s head of state is Queen Elizabeth II, who represents the accuser in this...
Outline This essay discusses criminal profiling. Here the discussion is based on the given profile of a killer. It analyzes the important advantages and limitations of the given profile from an investigator’s point of view, concerns of the investigator about a profile and value given to a profile as an...
Role of Information in criminal investigation When conducting a crime, perpetrators can leave signals that represent valuable information being left behind. This can include eyewitness descriptions, murder weapons, fingerprints, and others. However, Investigators cannot make conclusions based on one type of evidence, so gathering all kinds of information is essential....
Abstract Juvenile delinquency has been an issue of major concern not only to Americans but also to other societies. A number of studies have been carried out to examine the reasons that drive young people to engage in delinquent and criminal behaviors. This paper aims to discuss the historical, contemporary,...
Causes and Effects of Juvenile Delinquency: Essay Abstract Given the widespread family, societal, community, and individual costs that come with high rates of juvenile delinquency, one cannot help to wonder what the government is doing about it. It is also everybody’s concern that the government may not be doing enough...
Are law enforcement cameras an invasion of privacy? This paper aims to answer this question. It reviews the pros and cons of law enforcement cameras in public places. It argues that benefits of surveillance cameras outweigh their negative effects. Introduction Law enforcement cameras continue to raise ethical issues, despite the...
Relevant Points of Law First Case Case Citation: 158162/2012: Peter Castellotti, Plaintiff, v. Lisa Free Defendant, N.Y. Slip Op. 33707 (N.Y. Sup. Ct. 2014) Facts and Legal Reasoning The oral contract between Peter Castellotti and his sister is taken into account in the case of Castellotti v. Free. It obligates her...
Our self-government system was described as of the people, by the people, and for the people many generations ago. This suggests that the government is in our hands. Given that law is a by-product of government, it is also indirectly in the hands of the people, which is a relative...
Introduction Criminal records have a tendency to grow even during pandemics when most humans changed work locations for home. People try to develop a modern system of law enforcement, increase trust between policies and the public, and build a stronger society; however, most countries keep struggling with crime. At the...
Introduction Contract law is a collection of legitimate directions which oversee the legitimacy, affiliation, and content of any treaty that exists among corporations, entities, and various other organizations. The agreement concerns the exchange of ownership, interests, the provision of services, and the sale of goods. The law of contract always...
Introduction This paper seeks to discuss the statement that H.L.A. Hart’s theory of law has been subjected to many criticisms and refinements but its central features can still be accepted. This paper argues that there is the basis to some of central features of Hart’s theory of law and their...
One strength of the U.S. Constitution One of the most important strengths of the U.S. Constitution is the fact that it protects human rights. In particular, the right to private life, the right to freedom of speech, or the right to life can be noted. These rights are inherent to...
Background Overcrowding in prison is a significant issue that affects a lot of countries. It is challenging to detect this controversial term as there is no single and uniform internationally accepted standard. Undoubtedly, this notion must be neutralized and counteracted, as inmates’ mental and physical conditions might be negatively affected...
The right to work is one of the fundamental human rights. The state of legislation in the field of the implementation of this right is not only an indicator of the society’s level of development but also an aspect that directly affects the efficiency of its economy. In this regard,...
Introduction An author/artist is entitled to economic and moral rights as a result of copyright, which refers to artistic repertoire including books, films, paintings, technology-based work like electronic databases, and music. Economic rights stem from sale of copyrighted material while moral rights stem from the authorship of a piece of...
Abstract Criminal profiling and forensic psychology have become vital tools in solving mysteries of crimes for many law enforcement agencies across the world. Criminal profiling employs psychology to access the minds of offenders, bringing them to justice. This is based on the proposition that a criminal’s characteristics can be ascertained...
In human understanding, justice and law mean respect for rights and, therefore, is the result of progressive evolution. Justice is a concept of moral rightness based on ethics, rationality, natural law, religion, fairness and objectivity, and punishing violations of relevant social norms. The laws of the ancient peoples like Maya...
Introduction In the last several decades, technology has advanced rapidly, and personal privacy has become a major public concern. New technological developments allow the government to enhance national security, keeping track of all suspicious activity, both online and offline. The constantly occurring data breaches and information leaks bring to public...
Introduction Criminological Theory (Lilly, Cullen & Ball, 2011) addresses not only the evolving and expanding topic of trends in criminological thought but also tries to achieve a level of explanation that confronts the source, history, and development of the science. With criminological theory tackling questions such as the source, prevention,...
Introduction This report will analyze the case study “South Jersey Doctor Charged in Health Care Fraud Billing Scheme” presented by the Department of Justice (2020). The prosecution of South Jersey doctor Dr. Morris Antebi on healthcare fraud charges and wire fraud charges. Mail fraud is a stark reminder of the...
Introduction This paper will critically examine the United States of America vs. Gerald Elwood, William Barnes, Jr., and Ernest Marrero. The three defendants in this 1993 case were accused of conspiring to possess cocaine with the intent to distribute it and possessing cocaine with the intent to distribute it (United...
Contractual Element Zehmer argued that the signed document was not a legally binding contract because the contractual requirement of mutual assent was absent. A document must have mutual assent, also referred to as a meeting of the minds, which calls for both parties to agree on the terms and conditions...
The correctional system’s primary purpose is rehabilitation, and it is founded on the notion that criminals can be cured and deterred from committing crimes. Mental health, substance addiction, and educational assistance are all included in the rehabilitation process. Specialized programs have since been designed for women, those condemned of sexual...
According to most mainstream discussions concerning legal and political components of the judicial system, there are two approaches that govern much of court proceedings. These can be summarized as judicial restraint and judicial activism. Judicial restraint refers to the direct and uninvolved interpretation and decision-making within legal parameters according to...
Key Points, Patterns, and Trends The main points, patterns, and trends arising from the book chapter are the following elements. First of all, Chapter 3 examines certain methods and strategies for the competent interrogation of suspects by law enforcement agencies. The book’s authors attempt a deep and detailed immersion in...
Introduction Ted Bundy, also known as Theodore Robert Bundy, is among the renowned serial killers in history. He was linked to the kidnap, assault, and murder of many women across different states, including Washington, Utah, Florida, and Colorado. Due to the unique nature of his killings and how he used...
Introduction Mission command is actually a critical element that requires people who are technically and tactically trained. This is important because they need to act in conditions of mutual trust and mutual understanding. The essence of this method is the ability to build effective interaction with soldiers. This is necessary...
Introduction Different people and institutions perceive ethics differently depending on the circumstances. Legally, ethics could be a set of rules and regulations that society must follow, while societal norms can be what people perceive as right or wrong according to particular communities. Some legal cases may seem frivolous until discussions...
Introduction Copyrighting videos means claiming the ownership and protection of the idea and that when one shares it, no one can claim it as their own. In technical terms, the video is protected under intellectual property law. It gives exclusive rights to the video content, and other entities are restricted...
The guidelines for behavior appropriate at a crime scene are essential to follow for a first officer arriving at the location. Given the necessity to preserve and evaluate the evidence present and ensure the efficiency of forensic activities, the crime scene investigator (CSI) responsible for the primary examination of the...
Case study of JonBenet Ramsey Jon Benet Ramsey was murdered in the year 1996. The killing took place in Boulder, Colorado. After looking for their daughter for close to eight hours, the parents found JonBenet’s body placed near a remote room next to their home. From the look of things,...
Introduction It is well known that punishment is the mostly practiced method for controlling crime and criminality. According to Black Law Dictionary, “punishment is a sanction such as a fine penalty confinement or loss of property right or privilege assessed against a person who has violated the law” (399). Punishment...
Abstract A limited, simple observation study was completed as a portion of a psychology major course requirement toward the completion of a Bachelor’s Degree in Psychology. The observation study was conducted over a period of six hours in an open-air market at the vacation destination location of Key West, Florida,...
Introduction Juvenile delinquency is a complex issue that affects many young people around the world. While males and females engage in delinquent behavior, their offending patterns can differ. In recent years, there has been growing concern about the unique challenges faced by female juvenile offenders and how best to address...
Introduction Beccaria is the founder of classical criminology and has laid the basic principles of the modern age. Although considered radical at the time, his work influenced different studies to prove the importance of fair trial, proportionate punishment, and social impact. His principles and ideas are still influencing the modern...
Introduction Detroit has been impacted particularly severely by the continuing, relentless retreat in the United States, which has exacerbated the carnage portrayed earlier. Many abandoned or foreclosed residences are located in decaying communities. Official unemployment numbers in the city, which have been around 25% for an extended period, are anticipated...
The United Kingdom self-identifies as a parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch. As a democratic country, the UK has a separation of powers into executive, legislative, and judiciary branches. The judiciary branch is independent of the other two branches and includes magistrates’ courts, county courts, high courts, the Crown Courts,...
Crime scene investigation and forensics have their origins in the last century. At the beginning of the previous century, police officers already understood that the crime scene contained a lot of clues and clues with which to find the criminal. Forensic science was closely intertwined with biology and medicine from...
Chapter 12 of Statistics for Criminology and Criminal Justice examines a hypothesis-testing technique called “analysis of variance” (ANOVA) that can be used when the independent variable (IV) is categorical with three or more classes and the dependent variable is continuous. It tests statistics called “F statistics” due to its F...
The history of humanity has seen multiple cases of extreme violence, and such instances can hardly ever be justified by any factors. However, despite evident similarities in terms of form, a more profound examination of violent crimes may reveal certain underlying issues on both individual and global levels. The case...
In the United States, there are an increasing number of juvenile offenders and the country also has one of the highest incidences of serious crime. Studies show that the causes of such criminal behavior are rooted in a complex set of psychological, social, and economic factors. Clinical studies have uncovered...
Introduction When the duty of care that someone owes another is breached, Negligence occurs (Coase, 1990). Negligence is considered a tort. Torts are laws that give remedies for wrongs that are done to other people especially if no contract exists. For example, if one incurs damages from someone else who...
Although already in the sixteenth century there had begun to perceive the need for radical reform of the system the sources of law, the eighteenth-century structure of these modeled, essentially, albeit with differences. Once substantially from country to country, the medieval model, represented by the stratification of very hetero-normative sources...
During the last decade, DNA samples have become a popular tool of criminologists to find and prove the criminal behavior of an individual. The FBI collected DNA in its agency since 1990 (Siegal et al 2000). The FBI professionals suppose that DNA analysis allows finding a partially individual and there...
Healthcare system is a major concern for many countries. Comparing and contrasting the quality of healthcare in the U.S. and Singapore might provide valuable insights. Regarding healthcare system, Singapore is ahead of many developed countries. Since its healthcare expenditures are lower than most high-income countries (Haseltine, 2013, p. xii), the...
There is very little doubt about the fact that the question of whether parents should be held responsible for the crimes of their children has a certain controversial quality to it. On the one hand, the currently enacted jurisprudential paradigm in the West (based on the presumption of legal innocence...
Protective Equipment Traditionally, a line between the items used by the first responding officer and the crime scene personnel is drawn. The former must utilize the items such as biohazard bags, bindle paper, barricade tape, and first-aid kits. The list is not restricted to the specified components and may include...
Duty of Care Related to the Determination of Negligence: The Case of Bad decision, Ontario Facts of the Case Negligence is defined as the failure to do something. It occurs when someone makes an omission of an act that an individual who is reasonable and guided by the considerations that...
Issues in the labour relations case study The matter presented by the management of Harding Space, Inc concerns the subject of employees’ privacy at the workplace. This topic falls under employee privacy Act. In the recent, issues related to working environment privacy and how companies address this topic has brought...
The “Missing” Contractual Element According to Zehmer The contractual element Zehmer contended was missing is the reasonable meaning of his words and acts. Zehmer tried to claim that at the time of the transaction, he was incapacitated because, being under the influence of alcohol, he signed it as a joke. Legal...
Introduction The decision-making process in the justice system can be a challenge for professionals, as they usually significantly affect people’s lives. Discretion assumes that professionals involved can make decisions based on their judgment of the circumstances of the case. Despite the severity and importance of the laws, discretion makes it...
Introduction Despite the intention to create a perfect society and remove unwanted problems and challenges, criminal behaviours continue developing, so crimes should be examined and predicted. Criminal psychology contains a number of studies to gain a better understanding of crime causes through applying science (Durrant, 2018). People may participate in...
The US constitution and the Minnesota state constitution are structurally similar in terms of having a preamble where an introduction to the document is presented. Moreover, both the MN and US constitutions have a bill of rights where the legal rights of citizens are listed. Furthermore, the two documents have...
Facts of the case: Petitioner Graham asked for the assistance of his friend with a purchase of orange juice. The petitioner has diabetes and needed the juice to counter an insulin reaction. They drove to a store, but the lines were too crowded, so they left in a hurry (Graham...
Abstract The given exploratory paper is devoted to the policy change regarding families and the role they play in the juvenile delinquency sphere. It outlines the central causes that might precondition the emergence of negative effects and deteriorate relations between parents and children. They are discussed from the social perspective...
Wirecard is a global provider of risk management and electronic payment services. The Wirecard ethical case involved the arrest of the company’s former CEO, who embezzled more than two billion dollars from the German company (Beerbaum 10). After the indignity was exposed to the public, the organization’s shares suddenly fell,...
The issue(s) or principle(s) of law being argued This case is concerned with the issue of whether provocation can arise from the act of the accused having been found in bed with her lover – in other words, the issue was whether his conviction could be reduced from second degree...
In R v Caldwell (1982) AC 341, the defendant had been sacked by his employer in a hotel, and sometime after this, he drunkenly set the hotel on fire. According to him, he had only intended to destroy the hotel property. He did not know that at the time of...
Introduction The routine activity theory was developed by Felson and Cohen in the 1970s and created a subfield within the crime opportunity theory. What makes routine activity theory stand out is the fact that the researchers were among the first criminologists to shift the focus from the criminal to the...
According to a studies done by a researcher Herbert packer from Stanford University, there are two prime models that represent two systems that compete for the right values that ought to be considered within a criminal justice system. These are the due process model and the crime control model both...
The West Memphis Three Case and Used Evidence The documentary West Memphis explores the case of the imprisonment of three teenagers for the brutal murder of three children in 1993 Arkansas. By examining the evidence and conducting interviews with members of the family, legal experts, and professionals, the documentary explores...
Introduction The UCR is a program run by the FBI that collects and disseminates information on crimes reported to law enforcement agencies nationwide whereas the NCVS is a survey that the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) conducts to compile information on crime from the viewpoint of victims. Discussion The Summary...
Introduction Legislative regulation of the multiple areas of human life aims to establish particular rules and limitations necessary to ensure that the rights of citizens are preserved. In particular, employment laws are a set of legislative statutes that regulate the relationships between employers and employees in the workplace setting and...
Introduction The juvenile justice system, founded in the United States roughly a century ago, is a system in which they are set to be delinquents instead of charging children with crimes. Declaring the kid’s delinquents involves not sending the juvenile kids to jail but training schools or reformatory institutions. Although...
It is hard to imagine the former innocent child as a delinquent who commits various crimes. Indeed, many children become criminals for different reasons; they can be bullied at school, have family issues, and many other aspects that make them juvenile offenders. Still, the crimes of the young bring multiple...
The Ethics of Virtue History of the Ethics of Virtue The founders of virtue ethics are Plato and, to a greater extent, Aristotle. It remained the dominant approach in Western moral philosophy until the Enlightenment. It declined in the nineteenth century but revived in the 1950s in Anglo-American philosophy (Alejo...
Being an “evil” person is different from simply being “bad”. Evil is unforgivable, while “badness” is expected to be found in many (Hickey, 2010). Fictional media, such as Friday the 13th, Saw, Scream, and other horror films, reminded society that evil resides nearby. However, the media has also gradually introduced...
Introduction Criminal psychology studies mental phenomena and patterns manifested in the process of activities associated with crimes. These activities include the formation of a criminal attitude of the personality, the formation of a criminal motive, the personality of a criminal and a victim, and other means. However, it is the...
Introduction Federalist 10 is an essay written by James Madison and published in 1787 as a tenth part of The Federalist Papers, emphasizing the need for ratifying the United States Constitution. In this paper, Madison discussed factions, a group of citizens with similar interests and issues emerging in democracy, arguing...
The crime-scene investigation’s primary aim is to recognize, collect, and document pieces of evidence. The collected proofs form the basis of these cases during judgment. In this instance, the different types of evidence which were collected include the broken window, paintbrush and the autopsy results of trauma to the head...
