2960 samples of this type
Introduction Australian society is characterized by a high degree of diversity in terms of ethnic, cultural, and economic aspects. The country has a colonial past that is still associated with numerous unresolved issues and debatable topics. One of the problems haunting contemporary Australian society is the inadequate representation of indigenous...
Maxfield, M. G., & Babbie, E. R. (2018). Chapter 5: Concepts, operationalization, and management. In Research Methods for criminal justice and criminology, 8th Ed. Cengage. Web. The chapter is devoted to measuring the characteristics of a neighborhood, which is the primary step to identifying its possible relation to the crime...
Introduction The Dominican Republic is the second-largest nation in the Caribbean, with just over 10 million population. It offers one of the most seemingly simplistic but unique justice systems in the world. The system represents a mix between the French and U.S. court systems, similarly very judge-centric but simplified greatly....
Introduction Discipline and Punish is a narration of the current disciplinary system. Foucault’s analysis and examination of power on punishment use a social context. Initially, Foucault stated how corporal punishment and public execution were the main forms of penalty (1975/1977). Torture was used to extract information from culprits as a...
Several crimes can lead to the death penalty: rape, racism, and murder. Rape cases have been on the rise, and criminals have faced severe punishment such as the death penalty. The death penalty occurs when the criminal is convicted before the law and thus assigned to a life jail sentence....
There are diverse approaches towards the alleviation of crime, depending on the levels to which the community can choose to cooperate and the effectiveness of the law enforcement agencies. One of such approaches is the peacemaking model in criminology. The peacemaking approach towards crime alleviation contrasts itself with the conventional...
Theory The theory of women’s liberations based on the paradigm of gender inequality was first developed in 1970 in the United States due to changes in gender difference in crime in the social set up. Freda Adler came up with the theory in 1975 explaining the increase in crime rate...
Summary Many teenagers in today’s generation participate in risky activities, make poor decisions, and are affected by peer pressure. Thus, several young people can engage in various immoral behaviors such as robbery and drug abuse. Although police arrests are frequent among adolescents, most of them are not arrested after committing...
Introduction Unlike the ordinary employees, executives tend to have the freedom to act in accordance with their wishes. Oftentimes, they misuse their authority, make poor decisions, or even engage in outright fraud. Adan Roldan and Geoffrey Palermo, the owner of a construction firm and a manager at a San Francisco...
The internet has come a long way from a lawless nature to an entity where there are laws and guidelines/ regulations that monitor the way it is utilized. At the core of this is the call for jurisdiction in relation to resolving all civil internet jurisdictional issues. The question whether...
In 1994, UNIDROIT published the first set of principles aimed at harmonizing private international law. An updated version of the principles was published in the year 2004. In this article, a comparison will be made between UNIDROIT 2004 principles and Islamic law (Sharia). This is especially Al-Majalla Al Ahkam Al Adaliyyah...
Introduction To better understand radical criminology theory, it is important to first have a basic idea on what is criminology. Criminology is a field of study that endeavours to establish the main causes of crime, definition of crime in terms of law and the reaction of people in the society...
Introduction After the abolishment of slavery in Europe and North America, many people celebrated since the achievement triggered the introduction and passage of human rights clauses to protect mankind from forced labor. Notions of democracy continue to focus on evidence-based approaches that can empower global citizens to pursue their personal...
Crime Theories and Criminal Justice Policies The concept of crime was created and promoted by people to evaluate their behaviors and responsibilities, as well as to maintain control and order. To gain a better understanding of crimes, it was necessary to introduce theories and follow changes through different times in...
Introduction Law enforcement agencies have in the recent past turned to using the internet as a way of solving crimes. This has been accelerated by the increased rate of online as well as complicated crimes that are taking place. Internet use as a way of solving crime has also been...
The early stages of a person’s life are a great determinant of the kind of life the person lives in adulthood. A person who enjoys an uneventful childhood is likely to have a normal adult life. On the other hand, a person who is exposed to tumultuous conditions in his/her...
Introduction The American Constitution outlines the rights of all citizens. Some unique rights are also available to those in criminal justice systems. However, sometimes violations of such liberties occur. Lies in criminal cases can affect the outcome of cases. Law enforcers need to protect and promote people’s rights. This paper...
Introduction In 2009, a market maker and investment advisor Bernie Madoff was sentenced for 150 years in prison after pleading guilty to eleven federal crimes. The reason for such an unusually severe punishment was running the largest fraudulent scheme in the history of the United States, otherwise known as the...
Liverpool and Manchester Contrasted Introduction Crime has always been one of the most serious issues that the human society has ever faced. During the centuries of its history, the mankind has been trying to eliminate and fight crime, but the research results by various scholars prove that the outcome of...
People’s views on various concepts and phenomena undergo constant changes that are determined by the transformations in human society. The good and the bad are two aspects that have also been reconsidered many times. Crime and criminals, being a manifestation of the bad, were regarded as inherently evil and disgusting...
What is the extent to which the drug subculture influences criminal behavior? How does it achieve this influence? Nowadays one can see that in every nook and corner thousands of people are addicted to drugs. It is increasing day by day among adolescent children too. This will lead the children...
Introduction The law is created to respect social agreements and preserve peace and security in the state. It creates not only binding prohibitions, but also criteria for lawful conduct. The law operates in a social environment, evolving, changing, and adapting to the social circumstances to make always the fair legal...
Law ethics, also known as legal ethics in some countries, can be said to be the codes by which legal professionals work in the performance of their duties and to which they owe themselves, their clients, and each other. Usually, failure to abide by the code of legal ethics leads...
Introduction To begin with, it should be stated that the forensic psychology is the junction of psychology and justice system, consequently, all the conclusions on the matters of the policies and principles for the City of Boston will be based on the understanding of criminal law within the principles of...
Three methods of measuring crimes. Their advantages and disadvantages Usually, scholars single out three major methods of measuring crime: official statistics, the survey of victims, and self-report analysis (Tierney, 2004). Each of these techniques has its advantages and disadvantages. Only their combined usage can give in-depth insights into the criminological...
Introduction Criminal justice usually seizes public intrigue in relation to high-profile cases and their media representation. However, people working in the legal system also help to regulate day-to-day activities of people. Criminal justice professionals are an integral part to the prosperity and stability of any nation. The government grants citizens...
Parties: Daryl Renard Atkins, who initiated legal action in the court, and the United States government that prosecuted the defendant. Facts: The discussed case is a criminal procedure involving cruel and unusual punishment — death penalty. Daryl Renard Atkins was convicted in several serious illegal actions, such as armed robbery,...
Introduction Youth have been committing crimes that have been noticed by researchers, the media, policymakers, and the judiciary; these crimes of violence have been producing disastrous effects in society. Children younger than 18 years are being punished for surprising crimes like “robbery, forced rape, assault, and homicide”. Risk factors and...
A century ago, most behaviorists theorized that the environment greatly influences criminality. This theory ignores a person’s genetic predispositions, and for the most part, blames social influences for the molding of a criminal or at least a delinquent. From this theory, an opposing theory, called the self-control theory, came to...
Running Head This research paper presents an empirical exploration of the merits and feasibility of the Broken Window Theory in a community with a particulate social background. The paper will present experimentations outcomes on the hypothesis that curtailing the proliferation of smaller crimes as held in the core of the...
Introduction Organized crime is defined as the “systematically unlawful activity for profit on a city-wide, interstate, and even international scale”. It is believed that criminal organizations are trying to maintain their illegal activities as a secret. Gangs, youth groups that are usually connected with juvenile activities are sometimes considered as...
Surrogacy is the act of a woman gestating and birthing a baby for another woman (Anleu, 30). Examples of this phenomenon can be found in the Old Testament of the Bible. For Abraham and his wife Sarah to be able to have children one of their servants carried the child...
Introduction The given proposal revolves around a one-on-one mentoring program that can be used by police departments to improve officers’ competence, share critical experiences, and achieve higher performance levels. Design of the Mentoring Program Mentoring presupposes conscientious, responsible work, and reduces training costs. To implement it, a list of candidates...
In the UK, one of the main conditions for recognizing termination as legal is the criterion of reasonableness. For instance, an employment tribunal may consider that, despite the absence of a requirement for mandatory notification of dismissal in the law and the contract with the employee, the employer should nevertheless...
Introduction The topic of gun control in the United States covers much more aspects of the social and legal life of the state than it might seem at first glance. Not only does this phenomenon reflect the uniqueness of American legislation in the possession and use of weapons by civilians;...
Introduction There are several elements that are important for analyzing any legal agreement. Firstly, much attention should be paid to the rights and responsibilities of each side. Secondly, it is critical to identify the conditions under which this agreement can be enforced in court. These issues can be better illustrated...
To what extent are property offenders’ rational actors? Many people are convinced that property offenders are rarely guided by any logic or rationality. However, many of them are. The truth is the logic of such a person is not the same as the logic of an engineer or a mathematician,...
Introduction The work of the police is surrounded by various myths developed through TV and literature that picture it differently from real activities. It makes ordinary people believe that police officers encounter danger every day and deal with many events that are very important for national security. While the latter...
The case of Native Women’s Association of Canada v. Canada, [1994] 3 S.C.R. 627 came before the Canadian Supreme Court as a result of the Charlottetown Accord negotiations. The native people of Canada were widely represented by various interest groups and funded by the Canadian government. However, the Native Women’s...
Introduction A copyright refers to the legal security that is entitled to the owners of an original piece of work against unlawful abuse of their work. A copyright, should serve to satisfy a society’s social goals and values. It should enhance the formation, spread and distribution of data and information...
Law-enforcement practices can be traced back to the year 1016 when King William attacked and conquered England. His ruling style was oppressive and never considered people’s right to freedom. The king partitioned England into military areas and assigned each area an officer, who could control it. In addition to these...
Introduction Social justice entails the capability of individuals to achieve their dreams and aspirations in society without hindrance from the government. Justice has been used traditionally to refer to the responsibility of individuals to fulfill their duties and roles, as well as receive protection of the state. When used in...
Introduction According to Safety and Health Assessment and Research for Prevention (SHARP), workplace bullying occurs when an individual or a group of people direct irrational actions repeatedly towards their fellow worker(or workers) in order to threaten, degrade, disgrace or demoralize them (1). Sexual harassment, on the other hand, takes place...
Introduction In a populated area or a sufficiently urbanized suburb or rural area, the location of an incident or individual objects and traces is tied to stationary objects, such as buildings or structures, streets and road crossings, and utility lines. If the scene is located in a forest or the...
Introduction Human trafficking is a broad topic in criminology and a serious problem in the modern world. Therefore, it is essential to explore this type of crime from various perspectives to address the problem and enhance one’s understanding of its aspects and associated factors, particularly poverty. This paper looks at...
In legal practice, there are cases where DNA traces of a suspect on various objects are used as evidence. Moreover, this aspect of forensics has gained popularity in mass culture through numerous TV series, media, and literary works. However, its efficiency may be demonstrated in various cases, one of which...
The number of crimes in different territories, in particular urban and suburban, varies. However, the urban environment, in contrast to the suburban environment, is also highly heterogeneous, which explains the different levels of crime in particular areas of one large city. Thus, the increased number of crimes in the city...
White-collar crimes are defined as deception, concealment, or breach of trust. The term “white-collar crime,” which is said to have been invented in 1939, currently refers to a wide range of scams perpetrated by business and government officials (Berghoff & Spiekermann, 2018). These crimes are motivated by a desire to...
Introduction For the majority of common people in the West, Operation Geronimo, which resulted in the death of Osama bin Laden, was and still is considered as an indisputably right decision of the United States’ policymakers. Nevertheless, some scholars and politicians raised certain concerns regarding the legal grounds of the...
The Case This memo introduces the information regarding the case of Mahanoy Area School District v. B.L. The case was discussed at the Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) in 2021. It addresses the issue of freedom of speech, guaranteed by 1st Amendment of the United States constitution. More...
Introduction The efforts to constitutionally allow same-sex marriage started popping up in the United States as early as the 1999’s, resulting in national and state challenges. Civil unions were advocating for same-sex marriage in several states. The federal government denied same-sex couples from accessing close to 1100 federal rights, duties...
Opening Statement Good afternoon your honor, my name is Mark White, and I represent Paramount Pictures in its case vs Bill Builder’s LLC. The legal argument is on breach of contract by the defendant (accused) with an excuse that seems impractical to the accuser. This is not a constitutional case...
Summary People can commit crimes at any point in their life, even when they are young and have not reached legal age. At the same time, both children and adults are capable of severe actions, which can guarantee them a life sentence in prison. Kids Behind Bars is a documentary...
Introduction Piercing the corporate veil is a rule in English and US law targeted at the regulation of corporate activity. It, however, is sometimes considered a good idea to apply the concept in criminal and civil law, for example, in cases regarding fraudulent actions on behalf of the company, its...
Introduction Available scholarship demonstrates that police work is conducive to incidences of sexual harassment and rape, as it grants exclusive opportunities for rogue and pedophilic police officers to use their authority and status to engage in “hidden” acts of sexual deviance and transgressions against the very people they are supposed...
Abstract The given exploratory paper is devoted to the policy change regarding families and the role they play in the juvenile delinquency sphere. It outlines the central causes that might precondition the emergence of negative effects and deteriorate relations between parents and children. They are discussed from the social perspective...
The case of Liebeck v. McDonald’s regarding the former’s injury is a matter of public importance and, therefore, should be decided for providing the requested award in order to demonstrate the need for a change. This stance is explained by the fact that similar occasions contribute to the elaboration of...
Introduction Security involves the protection of property, persons, as well as the deterrence of crimes within society as prescribed by law. For a very long time, the issue of security has been a duty of the government towards its people through the police as the main players who provide security...
Hurst and Brook were two people in NewPort Beach, Orange County, California, who robbed a First National Bank. Later, the two men went to Arizona and divided the money. Hurst met his friend, Solana, in Arizona, and Brook was crossing the Mexican border. Hurst and Solana were both arrested because...
Introduction There have been heated debates on the issue of streaming technology considering some legal constraints such as copyright. The concern is that there are websites that are uploading copyrighted materials without their author’s approval. Copyrights laws are infringed when copyrighted materials are used without consultations with the copyright holders....
For very many years, since a precedent was set in the case of Salomon vs A Salomon & Co. LTD in 1897, it has been a fundamental tenet in the English company law that a company duly formed and registered within the law was a separate legal entity with rights...
In order to avoid chaos and anarchy the society and the governments have created a set of rules and laws that guide the behavior of individuals in a civilized nation. Disorderly conduct is one of such laws that prevents people from acting recklessly and harmfully towards others in public. It...
Comprehensive explanations on the theory of Cesare Lombroso’s have been discussed indicating that criminals could be picked out and determined by their physique, attributes and appearance. Another theory covered that supports this explanation is the theory of Bowlby’s that portrays maternal deprivation and violence coupled with trauma during childhood affects...
Facts A non-compete agreement between Bradford & Bigelow, Inc. and Mr. Bradley was signed in 2015. In general, non-compete agreements impose an employee’s obligation to avoid competition with the employer during or after particular employment (Kubasek et al., 2017). It successfully prevented competition between the sides during the next 12...
Introduction An author/artist is entitled to economic and moral rights as a result of copyright, which refers to artistic repertoire including books, films, paintings, technology-based work like electronic databases, and music. Economic rights stem from sale of copyrighted material while moral rights stem from the authorship of a piece of...
In R v Caldwell (1982) AC 341, the defendant had been sacked by his employer in a hotel, and sometime after this, he drunkenly set the hotel on fire. According to him, he had only intended to destroy the hotel property. He did not know that at the time of...
Abstract Theoretically, the authorities who have power over others are supposed to protect the rights and freedoms of their inferiors, although this is not always the case. Today there are a number of crimes that are referred to as white collar crimes and include government frauds, waste and abuse. White...
Reasons why the unprofessional conduct occur and what need to be done A prosecutor is a person who represents a state in criminal cases in courts of law. He or she is responsible for executing a criminal who has broken a law (Miller, Hess & Orthmann, 2013). Ethical behavior refers...
Introduction He was just 8 years old, and according to New South Wales Deputy State Coroner Scott Mitchell, his death could have been prevented. In a story published in The Daily Telegraph on August 16, 2011, Jacob Belim’s death was as a result of septic shock arising from a ruptured...
Sykes identified three key factors and events associated with them to explain the emergence of conflict theory in science and its spread. These factors are associated with a change in the United States’ political context, which led to people’s doubts and criticism of authorities’ decisions and words. These factors distinguished...
Brady v. Maryland is one of the landmark cases in criminal justice decided by the Supreme Court of the United States. The case was an appeal following the first-degree murder committed by two perpetrators, John L. Brady and Donald Boblit were both sentenced to death for first-degree murder. While the...
The Life of Aileen Wuornos Wuornos, whose national identification name was Aileen Carol Pittman, was born on 29th February 1956 in Rochester, Michigan. Diana Wuornos, Aileen’s Finnish-American mother, was born in 1939 and married Leo Dale Pittman, Aileen’s English-American dad when she was fourteen years old. Leo Dale Pittman was...
Human trafficking is the illegal transportation of individuals through coercion and force for sexual exploitation, forced labor, and organ harvesting. The practice has been part of society for many centuries going back before the slave trade (Attwood, 2019). Most of the victims of human trafficking are young boys and girls...
This paper will look at one of Sanyika Shakur’s first violent crimes and attempt to explain them using the modeling theory and the social disorganization theory. The subject was born Kody Dejohn Scott on November 12, 1963, and received the street moniker “Monster” after stomping an elderly black man for...
Introduction The Declaration of Independence, the Constitution and the Bill of Rights are indeed the pillar documents to America’s sovereignty. These documents were designed to provide a cohesive social, legal and economic structure that binds the United States of America. The tremendous progress experienced by the United States in complexity...
Introduction Executive Summary Law is defined as a system of rules that guide people in a society on how to relate with each other and are usually enforced by predetermined institutions. In this research paper, three types of law systems are handled; Civil law, Common law and Islamic law. All...
Business tort cases may take various forms, but all of them are rather severe and challenging for an organization. The outcome of any of them can have a serious impact on the future and success of a company. For all business owners, such cases are a significant and severe threat...
Introduction White-collar crimes are the criminal activities done by businessmen, con-artists and officials. Cheating and dishonesty are the central elements of white-collar crimes. Some examples of crimes in this category are bribery, embezzlement, consumer fraud, etc. white-collar crimes are spreading around the world rapidly. Normally white-collar criminals are the persons...
Currently, juvenile justice is not practiced at the legislative level on the territory of the Russian Federation. However, there are regions where, as an experiment, it was established to check how effective it would be as a way of preventing juvenile crimes. Specially trained judges lead juvenile courts; the work...
Introduction The criminal justice system follows two models to pursue justice or promote the operation of the process, which are crime control and the due process. Herbert L. Packer, the author of the article “Two Models of the Criminal Process,” offers a detailed analysis of these frameworks, the gulf existing...
Viatical settlements allow people with a life expectancy of two or fewer years to sell their life insurance policy for a value higher than the policy’s current face value but less than its death benefit. It is primarily used by people with terminal illnesses to cater to their healthcare expenses,...
Introduction American litigation is known for several landmark proceedings, which were widely covered in newspapers, television, and social networks. In the late 20th century, the People of the State of California v. Orenthal James Simpson case thundered in Los Angeles, California, which became one of the most protracted trials in...
Introduction The video Kids Behind Bars addresses several important questions regarding juvenile justice, the most important of which is the necessity of rehabilitating and reforming juvenile delinquents. Even though the juvenile justice system currently tends to “get tough” on juveniles and treat them as adults, this approach seems to be...
Digital rights management (DRM) is necessary to a point to keep honest people honest. However, there are places where it has gone too far and the production and distribution companies are trying for, even more, looking for a cash cow. In an industry where record companies, publishers, and other artistic...
Introduction The criminal justice system helps in the enforcement of the laws by ensuring that any individual who breaks the law is arrested and charged for the wrongs done. The police are part of the criminal justice system and are responsible for the arresting of the law breakers and gathering...
Discrimination Employers are prohibited from discriminating against persons aged 40 years and over in hiring, discharge, compensation terms, conditions and privileges of employment {the age discrimination of employment} It is unnecessary to impose certain age limits for certain profession if evidence shows the ability to perform certain job significantly. Thus...
Introduction It is known that judicial decisions in countries with precedent law are recorded and stored, since they, as precedents, form the basis of subsequent decisions. Thus, the US Supreme Court has repeatedly recognized the legality of restrictions or even the complete prohibition of such types of “speech” as obscenity,...
Introduction Criminological Theory (Lilly, Cullen & Ball, 2011) addresses not only the evolving and expanding topic of trends in criminological thought but also tries to achieve a level of explanation that confronts the source, history, and development of the science. With criminological theory tackling questions such as the source, prevention,...
Abstract This paper critically analyzes the chapter from the book by Lilly, Cullen, and Ball (2011). The primary aspect of the discussion of the chapter is the origins, development, and impact of the containment theory by Reckless, which is a part of control theory. The paper investigates and critically evaluates...
The crime level has been a severe issue for society since the genesis of the world’s earliest civilizations. However, it was only in the 19th century when various scholars decided to examine patterns of behavior and social environment of the criminals in order to establish regularities between those factors and...
Executive Summary The purpose of the present memorandum was to provide practical recommendations for the management of a medium-size, tech company that considers to expand its research and development (R&D) ventures and patent some of its innovations. The main questions were whether patenting will generate more benefits than disadvantages in...
Introduction Sexting is a recent phenomenon when people send sexually explicit texts, pictures, and videos via text messages. Even though it may be argued that sexting is a healthy way of expressing one’s sexuality and fulfilling one’s needs, the normalcy of the phenomenon might be compromised when minors are involved....
Introduction Over the past few decades, views on adoption, local and international legislation, and the nature of procedure have all changed. At the beginning of the 21st century, many developed countries such as the United States of America and Canada saw a growing tendency of intercountry adoption as opposed to...
Introduction The aim of this paper is to analyze a case study on a third-party contract. The paper’s analytical focus will be on an intended beneficiary and their legal rights. Discussion Under contract law, a third-party beneficiary is a person who benefits when two parties to a contract fulfill their...
Summary Across centuries, different governments have been struggling to reduce the availability of illicit drugs and substances. For this reason, drug policies in the United States aimed at strengthening law enforcement agencies to combat the drug and substance abuse problem. While the government struggles to reduce the availability and use...
In coherent society the issue of education is of a great importance. Millions of children go to school every year and, that is why, it is vital to guarantee good conditions for their study. Usually, it is for a state to decide what things will be better for pupils, what...
Introduction A sales contract is an agreement between a seller and buyer. The contract states the terms of engagement and period that a transaction took place and it is signed when a product is transferred from the seller to the buyer (Twomey, 2013) A mutual mistake of fact refers to...
Freedom of expression is one of the basic tenets of human rights across the globe. It comprises of the freedom to express oneself without the fear of being intimidated, free delivery of the speech, liberated press, freedom to disseminate and receive information and the right to silence as well as...
Introduction The phenomenon of female serial killers is a rare process that is widely used to research different aspects of criminology and psychology from the gender perspective. There are different reasons for women to commit crimes, but they can be both similar and different from males’ reasons. Female serial killers...
Four main conditions must exist for a contract law to be valid. The first condition is that both parties must be legally competent to enter the contract. Any contract with a mentally incompetent person is invalid (Showalter, 2020). The second condition is that there should be a meeting of minds...
The case of Ira and Barbara Sabran is that they filed a lawsuit in Florida, explaining that they are the alleged assignees regarding the homeowner’s insurance policy. It was issued by the defendant, “Rockhill Insurance Company (“Rockhill”) to 2203 Regal Way LLC (“Regal”)” (Ira Sabran, 2021). Regal sought coverage for...
Introduction Currency Wars, published in 2011 in the aftermath of the Great Financial Meltdown, contends that the competitive weakening of currencies is a serious national security issue. The Federal Reserve began a currency war by implementing quantitative easing in 2008, subjecting the dollar to a major collapse (Rickards, 2011). The...
