Lehtovaara, J., Seppänen, O., Peltokorpi, A., Kujansuu, P., & Grönvall, M. (2021). How Takt Production Contributes to Construction Production Flow: A Theoretical Model. Construction management and economics, 39(1), 73-95.
The resource analyzes the Empire State Building through the lens of technology and architectural design. During its construction in the 1930s, it was the tallest building in the world, and the state had a particular budget committee to ensure that it was completed to meet the different needs. The theoretical model also depicts the Sears Tower, which held the record for being the tallest building when it was constructed.
At the time of construction, both states prioritized the project as one that could transform the country’s economy, and a special budgetary committee was established. The main difference expressed by the source is that the Empire State Building used traditional steel, while Sears leveraged the revolutionized framing systems that were tubular. The source shows the literature differences between the two superstructures.
Zhou, Q. (2022). Research on Technological Innovation of Super High-Rise Buildings. Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology, 28, 147-153.
A super high-rise building is an indicator of economic growth, driven by evolving requirements that necessitate its construction. The resource illustrates the infrastructural evolution and highlights the differences in design and technology between the two structures. The Empire State Building employed riveting and steel frame construction methods, which were highly efficient due to the rapid construction speed. New York State employed meticulous design, coordination, and planning to ensure the project was constructed on time. Willis Towers, commonly known as Sears, utilized the elevator system and the framed tube design, while the state employed steel tubes and computer-aided techniques to develop strong structures.
Gaber, T., Maarouf, I., & Fathه, A. A. (2022). Characteristics of Iconic High-Rise Buildings. Journal of Engineering Research, 6(4), 97-104.
The Empire State Building and the Sears Tower are examples of iconic buildings that can be termed superstructures due to their distinctive features. The two buildings differ in terms of their construction era. While the Empire State Building was constructed in the 1930s, the Sears Tower was built forty years later, a period during which significant technological advancements had occurred.
The resource highlights the primary methods employed by the states to develop their superstructures. The Empire State Building was constructed using Art Deco architecture, which is a modernistic style with a minimalist design. Each design showcases engineering innovation and demonstrates how different technological time frames have experienced improved efficiency.