We study about one-third of our lives unless one counts the lifelong professional development. Discussing education is a rewarding activity as you learn to learn. This article will give you valuable prompts and outline ideas for an education essay. It also contains many links to outstanding education essay examples.
An education essay is a piece of writing that discovers the trends in the current educational system. As a rule, such papers are required for language-learning purposes, but psychology and sociology may also have such tasks. You should always start with a thorough selection of a topic.
Philosophy of education essays are usually intended for the higher education of future teachers at a university. There are seven philosophies of education:
Here are some possible topics:
We often do things without thinking. Still, successful education requires much motivation and mindfulness. Schools and colleges ask their students to think about the purpose of education to make them aware of the cause-and-effect relationship. If you need a unique topic for this subject field, see some below.
While attending a college, you develop your social, technical, and intellectual skills, gain confidence in your abilities, and get good career opportunities. Schools do their best to motivate pupils to proceed with their education. This assignment makes you think about why it is reasonable to study at college. Here is what you could discuss in this respect:
An education system essay is a piece of writing that analyzes the governmental regulation of this sphere. You can discuss the efficiency of the education system in your country, outline its flaws, or compare it to the other existing variants. Here are the good topic wordings:
At some point, children become the most critical issue in our lives. In the course of studies, people often think about how they will share their knowledge with their kids. As Albert Einstein said, “if you can’t explain it to a six-year-old, you don’t understand it yourself.” So, what can you tackle in an early childhood education essay?
Physical education makes you more agile, flexible, confident, healthy, and fit. It also prevents some diseases that show up in more advanced age. This type of essay focuses on your body and its abilities. There are many debatable topics to be discussed here:
Sex education explains the structure of our bodies, the reasons for our sexuality, and the development of sexual behavior. A comprehensive sex education makes the students’ choices safer and prevents them from many physical and mental diseases. Here are some good topics to analyze:
We hope that the above topics will guarantee you an exciting writing session. For more inspiration, please refer to the education essay samples below.
Within the past two decades, dishonesty within American society as a large has been on the rise. It has been a common cultural practice for individuals to be dishonest. This dishonesty is evident in many areas of life and extends to much more than cheating within the realm of academia....
The church and the community as a unit, used to be a source of values, of commitment, of stability and strength for children. Each of these institutions plays an important role in education and upbringing. Teachers might be used to help develop relevant job skills and supply basic literacy for...
Introduction The concept of a “professional learning community,” perhaps most ubiquitously understood at present within the framework proposed by Richard Dufour and Robert Eaker (1998), has captured the collective imagination of North American educators with its promise of fundamentally altering teaching, learning, and the generally stifling bureaucracy and individualism that...
One of the most common complaints among students at all levels has to be one that involves difficulty comprehending the concepts and constructs of mathematics. Each day students are struggling when attempting to arrive at solutions for mathematical problems. Educators and laypersons alike attribute these difficulties to several causes. Among...
In writing this letter, I am seeking to address students who will be taking a mathematic course in Arithmetical problem Solving, in the future, with the sole intention of enlightening them on what the course is all about. Personally, my initial perception of the course was that the course was...
Introduction An accelerated degree program is just a faster way of completing a degree program. By definition, accelerated learning programs are structured for students to take less time than conventional programs to attain university credits, certificates, or degrees (IAL, 2007). Sometimes the degree can be completed online. For example, the...
Introduction Traditionally the differences have always existed in the quality of education between black and white students. In South Carolina in 1920, for instance, black students attended schools with class sizes twice those of white schools. Partly as an outcome of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Elementary and...
Without a doubt, one of the most fundamental expectations of any student within a university setting is the ability to read and comprehend empirical research. When a student enters into a graduate setting, he/she is expected to be able to extend a basic understanding of empirical research to a more...
Globalization and technologies are rapidly changing the world of business. This change of technology leading to globalization is greatly affecting many sectors and departments of organizations as well as governments. Thus the education sector in most developing and developed countries is not spared by these transitions. Many schools are being...
Introduction Great philosophers, thinkers, and scholars have left behind a legacy for the future to thrive on and to contribute fruitfully to the development of moral, ethical, scientific, and social standards. Sadly, the modern scenario is witnessing a steady and gradual decline of the values once upheld. What I would...
Change management in education plays a crucial role determining the main objectives and strategies. Michael Fullan underlines that change in schools and educational establishments should be based on careful analysis of the current situation and future goals of the organization. The author identifies the main issues which influence educational process...
In his Teaching For Quality Learning at University J. Beggs claims: “Through reflective practice, teachers can create an improved teaching environment suited to their own context.” (Beggs 2) Sharing his position the accuracy of which my practice has shown now I will focus on my teaching activities making a reflection...
Introduction Curriculum designing is an integral part of any field of study. Maximum output can be expected if the module that is designed through collaborative work analyses key concepts of the curriculum with expert guidance, justifies the rationale for the choice of the curriculum design, critically estimating the curriculum, functioning...
Introduction It is hard to disagree that being a teacher is both one of the noblest and hardest things in the whole world. Teaching is a challenging, exciting, and lives changing profession that does not only teach school subjects but also helps young people learn themselves, others, and life itself....
Abstract This ALAP plan aims to develop strategies that can transform the school system in York County and prepare the students for their future following the requirements of the 21st century. Obtaining a high school diploma does not necessarily mean that an individual is ready to attend college or excel...
Class Background Information The recorded audio represents a literature class for high-school students. The topic of the class is empathy in literature, which aims at educating the students about the notion of empathy and how writers might use it in their attempts to engage their readers. The teacher’s task is...
Introduction Since educational leadership involves a great number of tasks and competencies, success is impossible without continuous improvement. To contribute to positive change in their teams, educational leaders should make decisions thoughtfully and foresee potential problems, and the development of data synthesis skills remains crucial in this regard. The purpose...
Introduction Yorktown Elementary School (YES) is specialized in math and science and provides education services to approximately 600 multiculturally diverse children attending kindergarten and elementary school grades from one to five (YES, 2018). The school is situated in York County, VA, and is part of the York County School Division...
Introduction Standardized language proficiency tests are widely used all over the world to evaluate students’ skills in various languages. Because of the vast number of English language learners, there is a significant variety of English language proficiency tests. When used in the ESL context, these tests can help to assign...
Introduction When one hears the two-syllable word “culture” in education, it can be a very hot topic that causes a lot of conversation. A positive school culture is one that fosters students and staff ability to learn and work. Therefore, it is necessary to examine leadership styles and organizational influences...
Introduction Today, the reform of education is getting a great portion of awareness from the mass media, from officials, from government and local school heads, and from parents. A great nationwide discuss has appeared around the matters of how to advance schools and particularly how to progress results for undergraduates....
Introduction The concept of relational trust within an educational setting has been attributed to positive social interactions within school communities. A growing body of research and case studies shows that social trust established between teachers, school leaders, and students’ parents enhances the quality of routine work and becomes a tool...
Introduction The legal environment has a significant impact on education because it establishes requirements and standards for schools and educational programs. When it comes to English language learners’ education, the United States legislation provides many regulatory mechanisms that affect how ELL programs are designed and implemented. The present paper will...
Introduction Many of the approaches to teaching and learning led to the creation of a variety of methodologies and instruments. Previously, educators were more interested in the development of the theoretical foundations rather than exact techniques in language learning (Ciani, 2014; Wind, 2014). This paved the way for the exploration...
Data Analysis and Discussion The present section is organized into two parts: the analysis of the quantitative and qualitative data. The analysis of the quantitative data seeks to answer whether color coding was of any use for enhancing memory retention in students. The first part of the results section interprets...
Introduction In his TED Talk, Sir Ken Robinson shares his observations regarding recent changes in the education paradigm. According to the speaker, there are two reasons for considering a transformation: economic and cultural. The new generation lives in an ever-changing world where making predictions is oftentimes nigh on impossible. In...
Brief Article Summary In children with autism, a token system is one of the instruments that are used to reinforce the desired behaviors. The article by Fiske et al. (2015) raises the problem of assisting the mentioned children with their learning and interaction with a teacher in a classroom. It...
Theme of Discussion Gerald Graff argues the difference between “book smarts” and “street smart” to explains the “hidden intellectualism.” He discussed how important it is to teach intellectualism to children who do not notice the intellectualism inside their minds. Article Title Hidden Intellectualism. Article Central Argument In Hidden Intellectualism, Gerald...
Introduction Data-based decision-making at school depends on educators’ regular collection and assessment of different types of data regarding students’ progress to conclude about their strengths and weaknesses in learning. This approach to decision-making allows for utilizing mostly credible sources of information, such as summative assessment results, to draw accurate conclusions...
Abstract Civil science remains instrumental in bridging the gap in the acquisition and development of adequate competencies in science education. This learning process allows learners to have first-hand experiences and observations on scientific issues and developments. In this paper, a detailed research study is proposed that can guide schools and...
Introduction Nowadays, researchers actively discuss the role of a principal as an effective school leader because of the overall tendency to reconsider leadership practices that can contribute to students’ achievements. The Wallace Foundation (2012) presented five critical functions performed by school principals that are associated with their leadership: forming a...
Introduction Not all school children and their parents can afford further education because it requires many financial resources as well as significant mental and psychological efforts. It is a severe problem because higher education is considered essential for a person’s professional success in the future. Even though they enroll in...
Introduction Professionals in education are responsible for children’s opportunities to acquire knowledge. With that in mind, leaders are to do their best to deal with challenges surrounding decision-making processes. This synthesis statement describes critical ideas related to the topic and links the found themes to issues and problems in everyday...
To improve the relationships between staff members and make their performance more effective, one should ensure that their cultural needs are fully met. These include relationships with other staff members, a company’s policy for hiring new staff, and other components of a multicultural workplace (“Questions frequently asked by Department of...
The process of cognitive development is highly complex, and various scholars sought to propose their view on how this process occurs. Cognitive development is usually defined as the process when a child acquires and learns various thinking processes (Galotti, 2015). Understanding cognitive development is crucial for educators because it enables...
Becoming an expert teacher has never been an easy task since it requires a lot of practice and readiness to engage in continuous learning instead of resting on one’s laurels. Despite multiple difficulties associated with gaining helpful experience and growing as a professional, specialists in education are expected to travel...
How Could We Do Better? The insufficiently high outcomes of social workers’ activities compared with the power of personal, social, economic, and environmental factors may be due to a number of causes. Promoting individual educational and practical growth can help improve the results of interventions. Cournoyer (2016) suggests paying attention...
Introduction There is no shortage of debate on which training presentation method is the most effective. In my opinion, the majority of them can be successfully delivered if thoughtfully used and planned ahead. Thus, the method of training I chose is a lecture with a PowerPoint. This essay aims to...
My writing focus for the given week was using active language in my writings. It is a highly essential lesson since it outlines the critical idea of presenting written information more vigorously and interestingly. Using functional language in writing allowed me to realize that I can give my knowledge with...
Introduction Violations of the principles of academic integrity represent a series of incorrect actions on the part of any participant in the scientific and educational process. Examples of dishonest academic behaviour are plagiarism, self-plagiarism, fraud in exams or final examinations, conspiracy, payment to a third party to perform scientific work,...
Literature Review Since 2000, many nations across the globe such as Canada, Finland, Netherlands, Germany, Kenya and Zambia have been adopting competence-based curriculums in their education systems. The curriculum is developed and implemented in line with a country’s competency framework that values the needs of learners and the local population...
Introduction The Humanities and Social Sciences (HASS) encompass a broad range of aspects pertinent to social, civic, and citizenship education. In the latest iteration of the Australian Curriculum, HASS includes studies of History, Geography, Civics, and Citizenship, as well as Economics and Business, with the primary teaching document being called...
Despite the growing preoccupation with the issue of translating scientific research into practice, the process of implementing theoretical framework of knowledge into clinical evidence base remains slow. When reflecting upon the matter, healthcare professionals share individual concerns as well as generalized comments, describing the barriers within their professional area of...
Introduction There is no shortage of debate on whether community service must be compulsory for high school students in order to graduate. Educational institutions across the country require students to complete a particular number of hours of volunteer work. On the one hand, compulsory community service supporter claim that it...
When writing a literature review, one needs to carefully differentiate between quantitative and qualitative research. Though both resources are essential for a holistic overview of the theoretical framework, the choice of the academic literature should remain consistent with the methodology chosen. At its core, quantitative resources seek causation or explanation...
Introduction Teachers’ abilities to resolve disputes during the learning process and to promote effective methods of influencing student performance and interest are important professional qualities. To address various incidents, using appropriate reflective practices and approaches is essential since an opportunity to analyse each situation helps avoid unpleasant precedents and contributes...
The characteristic features of educational systems of different countries vary considerably due to the political, economic, cultural, and other peculiarities of these nations. Globalization has brought new opportunities and challenges related to education as people can now obtain degrees and find employment in any part of the plant (Banks 2015)....
Introduction The matter of educational costs in the United States is widely discussed in modern media, and there are many materials and sources criticizing the ever-increasing student loan debt in the country. The article “Rich, Entitled People in College Scandal Aren’t Only Ones Mired in Access Mania” by Michelle Singletary...
Workforce In the modern world, it becomes hard to neglect the need for the workforce in such fields as science, technology, engineering, and math, also known as STEM. Many communities and specific organizations pay their attention to the development of this sphere and the necessity to improve the level of...
Introduction Headteachers’ leadership skills are of extreme importance for the efficient cooperation of teaching staff. At the same time, problem-solving skills are also vital since they help to decrease the amount of stress put in headteachers. The present paper offers a review of an article by Izgar (2008) with the...
Educators can use a variety of resources, frameworks, instructional guidelines, and other approaches to develop the best teaching strategy tailored to the needs of their students. Apart from the knowledge and skills necessary to carry out classroom activities, teachers have to show their leadership capacity in an educational setting to...
This paper presents a review of the article that assesses the levels of reading comprehension in low-achieving adolescents from the perspective of subskills identification and the specificity of tasks. The report features the main points of the study, as well as the authors’ assumptions, views, and arguments. The paper presents...
Introduction The life of military veterans following their combat is marked by a variety of particular features that impose difficulties in the smooth reintegration of this population into the civilian society. This group is continuously exposed to physical pain due to the injuries, often experiences post-traumatic stress disorders that are...
Plagiarism, much like the phenomenon of ghostwriting, has evolved and expanded in popularity over the past few decades. Plagiarism involves stealing other people’s ideas without acknowledging the authors correctly. In the age of the prime value and importance of intellectual property, plagiarism is seemingly becoming a widely recognized disease of...
Abstract The previous century is characterized by the enhanced popularization of democratic principles and the adoption of freedoms that guarantee quality education for various social groups. Starting from the second half of the previous century, major improvements were evident in the sphere of special education through adoption of policies and...
Having an understanding of the style of learning that an individual has is crucial for achieving adequate results. Some individuals benefit from having information conveyed through audio, while others remember better when they can visualize objects. Having sufficient knowledge of these different approaches can help create educational programs and personal...
The article by Ratcliff et al. (2016) was aimed at discussing the issue of the achievement gap in terms of the problem’s causes and solutions as well as teachers’ perceptions. The researchers conducted a survey of 874 educators that included questions regarding the achievement gap, such as its importance, causes,...
Critical analysis assists researchers to think through the appraisal of information from different sources. This necessitates bearing in mind that analyzing sources does not merely concern the determination of whether they are reliable or not. Moreover, the critical aspect signifies that the process is not simple or straightforward (Morse 1212-1215)....
Introduction The completed class has presented numerous ideas that can guide people to write effectively and share their ideas with others efficiently. Appropriate communication is an evidence-based approach that can guide human beings to address their common problems, make superior decisions, and achieve their objectives. The Bible becomes a powerful...
The Context Due to the growing demand for mainstream students with disabilities, many general education teachers are forced to become inclusion teachers without appropriate training and experience. Students with special needs often disrupt the learning process, which negatively affects the learners’ outcomes. Additionally, teachers become frustrated with the matter due...
Introduction Plagiarism is one of the issues affecting the quality of education, the integrity of learners, and the reputation of learning institutions because it entails an unauthorized use of research information, such as ideas, data, methods, figures, and language, without attributing to their authors. In essence, plagiarism has become a...
Graphic Organizer Unedited copy of the First Draft The topic of plagiarism becomes one of the most critical issues in writing. In the context of the modern technology-driven world, the concept of plagiarism acquires new perceptions and definitions. In their articles, Neims (2015) and Goldsmith (2011) consider plagiarism in writing...
Introduction Plagiarism can be defined as the act of representing another person’s intellectual property as belonging to oneself (Walden University, n.d.a). Avoiding plagiarism is mandatory for academic integrity (Laureate Education, 2012), but it may be difficult because plagiarism is not always done on purpose. The present paper will consider the...
Introduction An individual style of learning refers to the preferred way in which people receive, process, comprehend and learn new information. The examination of learning modes has a significant influence on the educational process and classroom management as the choice of teaching tactics affects the learners’ results. This essay is...
The andragogy theory developed by Malcolm Knowles specifically targets adult learning, implying that adults tend to be more self-directed and responsible for making their decisions. Andragogy is a humanistic theory, which means that it is focused on the learner and focuses on his or her potential for self-actualization, the motivation...
Introduction Human history reveals that mothers play a significant role in every society. This fact explains why existing social frameworks allow them to take good care of their babies, breastfeed them, and ensure that they grow to become productive members of society. However, numerous transformations have been recorded in the...
The Identified Problem/ Challenge Inclusion teachers without specialized education training or experience do not know how to deal with students who have disabilities. The Outcomes 50% reduced anxiety and stress from the absence of inclusion training in 6 months; 20% improved learners’ outcomes in students with disabilities in 6 months;...
Introduction The number of students who enroll in school music offerings, traditional band, chorus, and orchestra, dropped drastically in recent decades, and this tendency has been developing apace since then. The situation reached the stage when concerns about the future of American musical education at schools have arisen. The most...
Target Outcomes The hybrid learning environment described in the present paper aims at teaching multiplication using base ten blocks. These blocks are mathematical manipulatives that are divided into three groups Represented in Figure 1: single blocks, rows of ten blocks, and ten rows of blocks. While these blocks are often...
When students see their peers cheating, they need to take immediate action. In the studied scenario, two students saw another student use his phone during an exam. Assuming that they did not misunderstand or misjudge the event, they witnessed a common type of classroom cheating, which consists of obtaining answers...
There are millions of places that offer learning services, such as K-12 schools, colleges, religious places, etc. Attending K-12 schools is much easier than attending colleges because students get the opportunity to take classes and get books for free. Looking at college students, one can find that many of them...
Introduction The search for the perfect learning model has been continuing ever since the traditional adult-run approach was first doubted. The tendencies switched between such extremes as transmission and acquisition of knowledge. Community-of-learners model does not stand in the middle between one-sided models, as it is a completely different philosophical...
Education Requirements The creation of a career in business is one of the major goals for millions of students around the globe. Some people prefer to choose a clear path for their education; still, many famous businesspeople admit that even the presence of a high school diploma is not critical...
Abstract Online learning is one of the fastest-growing subsectors of education. It refers to the use of information communication technology (ICT) tools in the provision of education services. Its use in higher learning has revolutionized how students access educational materials and created the need to rethink how traditional universities provide...
Introduction The essay dwells on the benefits of entering a university and obtaining higher education. Some arguments against the prevailing trend of entering higher educational establishments are mentioned. Overall, the paper presents a discussion on whether it is worthwhile to get a degree and what advantages it offers to its...
There is a variety of note-taking styles, out of which every learner can pick the most suitable one. The overall aim of the note-taking process is to grasp the main ideas of what one hears so that one could restore the information later. Structuring one’s writing may be enhanced via...
I would like to work as a human resources manager in a medium-to-large-sized organization (one with 100 to 1000 employees). The position would enable me to leverage my leadership and communication competencies as well as my abilities to plan and allocate resources, all of which are necessary for the job...
Introduction In the United States, community service is a mandatory requirement for high school graduation in some states. As a result, school districts expect students to complete a certain amount of hours in service. For instance, in the District of Columbia, students are required to complete 100 hours of community...
Feeling comfortable at higher education facilities represents a key to successful completion. The challenges that some groups of students may face are extensive and should be understood in greater detail to be resolved in the most effective way possible. For non-native English speakers, studying in a language that is not...
Introduction “Birds flying high, you know how I feel Sun in the sky, you know how I feel Breeze driftin’ on by, you know how I feel It’s a new dawn It’s a new day It’s a new life for me, yeah It’s a new dawn It’s a new day”...
Introduction: Post-Secondary Education and Job Expectations Starting a post-secondary education (PSE), be it in a college or university, students typically seek to expand the range of knowledge and skills acquired at high school to create the platform for the professional growth. However, when entering a job market, college and university...
Since the increase in the levels of stress that working students experience due to their busy schedules, alternative options for studying need to be introduced into the current academic system. Greater flexibility in schedules coupled with the creation of online classes will lead to a better work-life balance and allow...
Researchers and students use deductive reasoning to break down their concepts and ideas. This process usually revolves around the development and presentation of arguments. Such kind of practice is known as academic writing. Third person perspectives and formal voices are usually used throughout the process. Modern technologies have transformed the...
Introduction Addressing gender concerns is always a complicated task since addressing it from a perspective other than the one of the gender of a speaker is genuinely difficult, although not entirely impossible. Being a combination of biological characteristics and societal constructs, the phenomenon of gender is difficult to embrace also...
Formulation of learning objectives is of extreme importance for the teaching and learning process since it enhances the student experience and facilitates the work of educators. Therefore, teachers are to be able to specify and rationalize objectives of different levels for their students. The objectives need to be precise and...
Introduction Caffeine is thought to increase productivity and allow people, more specifically, students, to study for more extended periods. With the continuous stress and lack of free time, students often use coffee to stay alert and dedicate more time to completing a task. Mahoney et al. state that approximately 92%...
Introduction During the last several centuries, substantial improvements have been observed in the field of education. Human development is an integral part of life, and it is a serious choice for every person on how to study or choose data sources. Using the discussions developed by Rousseau, Montessori, and Isaacs,...
High-stakes testing is a phenomenon widely discussed in the literature. According to Natriello (2009), high-stakes tests (HSTs) are standardized student achievement tests used to assess the academic performance of students, teachers, and schools. These tests were designed to help the government decide the form of punishment, reward, and compensation it...
Prompt #1 A search for strategies regarding the writing of essay drafts leads to relatively a similar set of strategies. It is suggested that drafts should be written quickly and without significant organization at first in order to “brainstorm” all ideas that one may have about the topic. It is...
It is generally accepted that good education is a way to success and prosperity. Still, present-day education system of the United States is characterized by social disparities in opportunities that students of different schools receive. The major cause of these disparities is unequal funding of educational institutions, which leads to...
According to the VARK questionnaire, my learning style is mild kinesthetic. In general, this style relies on practical information and real-world phenomena. Here, every theoretical idea should have a physical representation to show how and why everything works. For example, individuals with a kinesthetic preference would make a chair with...
Making a decision in terms of college admissions has never been easy for the admissions committee – it is a complex process with many variables to consider. Universities and colleges pay attention to many aspects of future student applications in order to determine who will be admitted. The top decision...
Introduction Nowadays, educators try to create perfect learning conditions to allow students to derive the maximum benefit from the process of studying. Modern educational institutions are versatile and are often adapted according to students’ needs. One of the issues is that gifted students should receive special educational treatment. It is...
Neoliberalism, which plays a significant role in modern education, eliminates the personal value of man. This leads to a situation when the quality of higher education in the U.S. is depreciated, as the vector of main priorities of rectors shifts from quality to quantity. This article discusses the impact of...
The teaching experience and the post-primary education system in Ireland is both positively growing but also facing several concrete challenges. There is an overall satisfaction with the efforts, social respect, and salary dedicated to teachers and future educators. The educational system can be described as currently undergoing some updates and...
The current situation concerning student debt is of extreme importance for US citizens and authorities. The problem is well described in the article “How American Universities Turned into Corporations” by Andrew Rossi published in Time journal. Rossi explains that the core problem behind the increasing debt of US students is...
Marks are crucial both for teachers and learners since they provide feedback about students’ achievements and help educators to evaluate the progress of learning. Even though teachers are not free to choose the symbolic representation of the mark, they can utilize different methods of comparison to focus on the most...
The Mathematics Mastery program is defined as a specific whole-school approach to this subject’s teaching that was designed to raise the pupils’ attainment. It was primarily elaborated in Asian countries based on their education policies (Merttens, 2015). The understanding of mathematics may be regarded by a substantial number of people...
A lesson plan is an integral part of the teacher’s preparation for the upcoming lecture. It helps to fix the content in a sequence of the educational process, clarify the necessary formulations and concepts, and to build a logical sequence of information. Although in every school or university, there is...
The task of teaching young learners word recognition is crucial to their further cognitive development and, therefore, it puts significant responsibility on a teacher. This report addresses the case of Aa, a young learner who began his transition from the stage of word recognition to the required stage of text...