Introduction
The fundamental work of Sophocles, Antigone, boasts a wide variety of literary techniques. Allusions, symbolism, and various themes are used by Sophocles to reinforce the message he wanted to convey through his work. Metaphors play one of the biggest roles in this regard, being used to provide a better explanation of the characters’ views and to increase the work’s rhetorical effect. All of the metaphors that were used in the play contain literal meanings, clever word use, and inherent importance.
Metaphor Analysis in Sophocles’ Antigone
Ship of State
A frequently occurring metaphor occurs when the characters compare the state with a ship. For example, Creon says: “I have the honor to inform you that our ship of state… has come safely to harbor at last, guided by the merciful wisdom of heaven” (Sophocles, 2005, para. 196). Sophocles makes it clear that Creon believes he is in charge, even though Creon praises the gods for directing the “ship of state”. This metaphor has a great meaning for the plot, as it portrays Creon’s belief in his power and accomplishments despite the influence of the gods.
Voice Giving Orders
Creon’s sovereignty over the state is further reinforced by the next metaphor. In it, he says: “My voice is the one voice giving orders in this city” (Sophocles, 2005, para. 220). In the literal sense, it means that only what he says matters in the city of Thebes, as only his “voice” matters. This metaphor cements Creon’s personality as a man confident in his power over Thebes.
“I Would Not Yield”
Another quote by Creon occurs when he announces that Polyneices will not be buried. The quote goes as follows: “If the great eagles of God himself should carry him stinking bit by bit to heaven, I would not yield” (Sophocles, 2005, para. 232). The choice of words here indicates that Creon is willing to oppose the gods themselves, as he will not “yield” even if they themselves carry Polyneices to heaven. This metaphor is essential, as it shows Creon’s hubris and arrogance, which is important in understanding the plot.
Conclusion
Thus, Antigone contains metaphors that help in better understanding its characters and themes. With Creon’s speeches, for example, it is evident that he is a man possessed by hubris, one who is confident in his dictatorial power over Thebes and the accomplishments he achieved to help it flourish. Hence, the metaphors in Antigone are a brilliant tool in explaining character motivations through clever word use.
Reference
Sophocles (2005). Antigone. Prestwick House, Inc.