The Crucible by Arthur Miller examines the widespread fear and persecution experienced during the Salem Witch Trials in the late 17th century. Throughout the play, various propaganda techniques are employed to sway public opinion and defend the witch hunts. It is most realistic to remark that black, grey and white propaganda is present in the play when referring to the propaganda type deployed. The utilization of these various propaganda methods serves to highlight the need for critical thought and the necessity of challenging authority in the face of widespread panic and persecution.
Black propaganda is known for being dishonest and frequently using lies or half-truths to portray a particular group or person unfavorably. The way the accusers twist the truth to make it appear as though the accused are genuinely guilty of witchcraft in The Crucible is an illustration of black propaganda. For instance, Abigail implies that Elizabeth Proctor used a poppet with a needle inserted in it to injure Abigail when she accuses Elizabeth of practicing witchcraft. The poppet was given by Mary Warren as a gift, and the needle was unintentionally left inside. This fabrication of information is an illustration of black propaganda.
On the other hand, white propaganda is distinguished by its sincerity and strives to present information favorably. Characters like John Proctor in The Crucible employ white propaganda to reveal the manipulation and lies of the accusers. To persuade the other characters to see sense and put an end to the lunacy, Proctor speaks out against the witch hunt. His efforts to dispel myths surrounding the witch hunt can be considered white propaganda.
Gray propaganda, which falls midway between black and white propaganda, is the third category of propaganda. It is known for its ambiguity and tries to sway public opinion without necessarily telling the truth. Characters in The Crucible, like Judge Danforth and Reverend Parris, exhibit gray propaganda in their acts. They may not be outright lying, but they are not telling the whole story, and they use their powerful positions to sway public opinion and achieve their objectives.
In conclusion, although black propaganda is undeniably present in The Crucible, it is not the only propaganda employed there. White propaganda is also prevalent as individuals like John Proctor try to expose the truth and end the lunacy. Characters like Reverend Parris and Judge Danforth, who employ gray propaganda to advance their personal goals, are examples of this.