DSM-5 is a science-based taxonomy and diagnostic tool, published by American Psychiatric Association. It describes around 400 disorders and contains diagnosis criteria, symptoms and treatment recommendations for mental disorders. The document survived several editions and continues to be worked on. The team behind it is constantly improving its methodology and public messaging. Although touted as a universal tool, DSM-5 has its advantages and disadvantages, which would be examined below.
The main advantage provided by DSM-5 is the standardization of diagnosis and other key aspects of treatment. Standard practices ensure equitable treatment of the patient, regardless of their class or location. Standard taxonomy eliminates linguistic discrepancies, making diagnosis and communication between medical professionals easier and more precise. DSM-5 also provides guidelines for the treatment, making it easier for the medical staff and providing a baseline expectation of treatment for the patient (Bradley, et al., 2022). Overall, the document is easy to use and provides reliable clinical results over the long period it has been in use.
One of the major criticisms is the lack of transparency during the creation process of the document. Despite somewhat improved disclosure policies, some say it is not enough. Another discussed disadvantage of DSM-5 is the oversimplification of the human psyche, which leads to the stigmatization of certain behaviors. This flows into the next problem – possible misdiagnosis, or even diagnosing behavior that does not constitute a mental illness as one. The reverse side of DSM-5 standardization is the danger of a mechanical approach toward mental illness and patient well-being. In conclusion, it is possible to say, that DSM-5 has its place in medical practice because its advantages outweigh its disadvantages. Despite not being perfect, DSM-5 has justified its existence and warranted the next iteration.
Reference
Bradley, L., Noble, N., & Hendricks, C. (2022). DSM-5-TR: Salient Changes. The Family Journal, 09, 10-35.