Introduction
Sociologists do not look at society and social interaction through the lens of general myths or guesswork. Their research is systematic, and the scientific community holds sociologists accountable for their methods and findings. Some sociologists argue that sociology must be value-free and free of personal or emotional bias. Others say that ultimate objectivity is neither possible nor desirable. In the 21st century, civilization and the countries changed, which led to many concerns. High-income countries have more advanced industrial, administrative, and service jobs, a larger workforce, and higher national incomes than low-income countries.
Income and Wealth Contrasts
Income is the amount of money earned by an individual or a nation. In world-systems theory, imbalances exist between and within countries. Developing nations must create money to compete with wealthy nations, but they rarely do. Kendall (2013) claims that a perspective exploring capitalism, for instance, the distribution of labor around the world, is essential for coexisting in a society that is fully global in scope. If a country cannot support its nation, it is most likely the nation is not prosperous, and the environment, which lacks sufficient healthy resources to plant crops, provides the space required to establish infrastructure. World-systems theory states that governments exploit their citizens to gain an economic advantage (Kendall, 2013). Core countries’ supplies are industrialized and urbanized, while quasi-states are more developed and rely on core countries for labor and raw materials, giving a clear definition of wealth.
Marx’s and Weber’s Approaches to Social Class
Karl Marx argues that economics determines and can rule over everything (economic determinism). However, institutions, individual interactions, and superstructure depend on the substructure or economic base. The forms, means, and ownership of production exist in every society, as claimed by Marx (Kendall, 2013). Other cultures have two competing and contradicting classes, the haves, and have-nots. On the other hand, Max Weber adopted a multifaceted approach to analyzing society. However, he also looked at other factors such as life expectancy and market position to classify organizations.
Strengths and Weaknesses of Weber’s and Marx’s Theories
Weber’s theory is fascinating because he thinks that individual motivations can cause slight changes like the rise of capitalism. His theory’s flaws included focusing on society shaping the person rather than symbolic interactionism, where individuals can shape their own identities. There may be more than four types of motivation and evidence suggesting that some forms of capitalism existed before Protestantism. Marxism’s major strength was using a methodological approach because it helps better understand how class conflict and financial aspects play a role in social and historical interactions. Its flaw is a totalizing narrative, often trapping the reader in its assumptions.
Social Mobility Definition and Barriers in America
People in society are categorized into social classes based on their economic and social standing. People from the same social class usually have the same level of wealth and education, as well as the same type of job and earning power. Sociological studies show how many factors, such as access to higher education, racial issues, and institutionalized racism, all work together to keep low-income people from moving up the social ladder. Wage disparities are significant in any season, but they become even more pronounced over time. Examining overall income inequality and where the labor market needs to go to provide real opportunities for employees to advance in their careers can help to understand working households’ financial tools over time.
Conclusion
To summarize, the mobility of a particular social group within the communal area is characterized by social class, employment, earnings, and other contributing factors, amongst other factors. There would be no distinction between people based on their social backgrounds in an ideal world because everyone would be prepared to train and apply for any employment that piqued their interest. The social circumstances of people from different social classes, as well as between men and women, people of various ethnic origins, and people from diverse employment backgrounds are, without a doubt, different. There are consequences to the relative ease with which people can move around in society if they are not ready to live within the constraints of their original circumstances. People in different situations because of things outside of their control are also affected.
Reference
Kendall, D. (2013). Sociology in our times (11th ed.). Wordsworth Publishing.