Completely Innocent
- On November, 5, Andrew Kelly, a police officer, was arrested after killing a woman in a car accident; the off-duty officer was completely drunk driving through Brooklyn Mill Basin. The victim of the accident was Vionique Valnord, 32; the woman tried to hail a taxi that afternoon leaving her wedding reception. As the result of the suspension process, the officer pleaded not guilty and remained free. The next trial is ahead. (Zraick, 2009)
- The victim of the murder appeared to be an innocent woman, who left her family without the mother and wife. The officer refused to submit a blood alcohol test, stating that he was not drunk. It is necessary to stress that investigation has not closed, though the fatal mistake of the officer cannot return the life of the innocent woman. (Karmen, 2009)
Victim Proneness
- The murder occurred as the result of gun cleaning by father and his daughter; Tampa police informed about the fatally shot woman, 32, when she tried to help her father, 65, to clean his gun. Melissa Kupferberg, the victim of the crime, died of accidental weapon firing. According to her father’s words, she was shot in the upper body and immediately taken to the hospital. The case was regarded by the police as an accident; the man strived to rear down the gun and it went off.
- The case can be characterized through the concept of ‘victim proneness’ when the perpetrator and the victim appeared to be ‘at the wrong time in the wrong place’. The woman was killed by accidental shooting; the motives for the crime committed on the part of her father are not identified. (Karmen, 2009)
Victim Facilitation
- The stolen ambulance caused a huge car crash in Chicago; the driver, who stole the car, appeared to be the victim of the accident. According to the witnesses’ words, the man kept a high-speed rate and ran the red light. As a result, six people were injured and taken to the hospital. Several cars were in a crash through the drivers’ careless behavior. After the accident, the ambulance thief could not leave the car lying in blood and seriously injured. (Briggs, 2009)
- It is necessary to stress that the crime has the elements of ‘victim facilitation’ and ‘victim proneness’ concepts. The man accused of the crash appeared to be the victim of his careless behavior and lack of attention leading to injuries and putting his life to death threat facilitate the crime. Speaking of other victims, it is necessary to underline the fact that they appeared to be proneness motivators, who accidentally suffered foolish behavior of the suspect. (Karmen, 2009)
Victim Precipitation
- Jenny Smith, an 18-year student, was a victim of a sexual assault by two men after the party, where she was invited by her group-mates. The girl, dressed in a short skirt and bright blouse, spent time with friends, danced, and enjoyed and music; according to witnesses, the girl immediately left the club, saying, that it was time to go home at 11 p.m. The crime was committed on October, 20, and the victimizers have not been identified yet.
- The concept of ‘victim precipitation’ is focused on the process of the victim’s first commencement of recourse interplay to physical violence. According to a criminal homicide study, most sexual assaults and rapes are caused by the modern girl wearing style facilitating the violence. The crime can be referred to this concept through the victim’s facilitating look; the girl can be characterized as a direct crime precipitator. (Karmen, 2009)
Victim Provocation
- A 30-year-old man was killed after Shane O’Brian saw him with his ex-girlfriend According to the girl’s words, she just wanted to see the proof of his love to her provoking anger and jealousy. As a result, the murderer lost his temper and was out of control watching the girl’s partner kissing her; the man was shot and died at the hospital. (Man ‘provoked’ into the killing. 2009)
- Crime provocation is considered to be a serious concept analyzed in criminology because it impacts the trial verdict in some cases. The murder discussed above can be referred to provocative; nevertheless, the level of facilitation was indirect and cannot be regarded by judgment requirements. The girl provoked the killer to aggressiveness which resulted in the murder. (Karmen, 2009)
Victim Fabrication
- AHRC informed about the alleged fabrication of threats against the victim, young woman Wasana Silva; according to her words, she left her husband at home through his accusation and threats of crime commitment. It is necessary to stress that the victim was taken to the police, where she was under the threat of being killed. The court date is appointed to mid-November and the victim is released on bail.
- The fabrication of the charges against the victim is caused by the argument between the woman and her husband; the victim claimed that the OIC threatened her to lock in a cell and even kill her. (Karmen, 2009)
Conclusion
The analysis of victim categories through real examples allowed evaluating all possible causes and motives of the crime promotion; according to criminologists, in most cases, the victims are the principal provokers of their victimization, facilitating violence by their behavior, words, or careless actions.
References
Briggs, K. (2009). Stolen Ambulance the Cause of Six-Car Crash. Injury Law Blog. Published by VanPopering Law Offices.
Karmen, A. (2009). Crime Victims: An Introduction to Victimology. Cengage Learning.
Man ‘provoked’ into killing. (2009). Murder Trial. New York Times.
Woman fatally shot by father while cleaning guns. (2009). Web.
Party led to Sexual assault. (2009). Criminology Journal. Vol. 4, 2009.
Zraick, K. (2009). Officer is Arraigned on Drunken Driving Charges.