Summary
The article in question examines ways to apply the Theory of integral nursing to pain management. Tracy and DiNapoli (2012) claim that the integration of theoretical frameworks is not common among nursing professionals due to significant workload and insufficient knowledge and experience. The authors start with the discussion of the existing definitions of pain. Tracy and DiNapoli (2012) stress that the holistic approach to the issue is the most appropriate and pain should be regarded as a subjective concept.
The article includes quite a detailed description of the theory and the analysis of some ways to apply it to the clinical setting. The theory involves such concepts as healing, nursing meta-paradigm, the pattern of knowing, quadrants and AQAL. The concept of healing is closely connected (and dependent on) such elements as the nurse, health, people, and environment. According to the theory, healing is also associated with personal, empirics, ethics, sociopolitical, aesthetics, and not knowing. Finally, the quadrants related to healing are interpretive, measurable, qualitative and quantitative. Tracy and DiNapoli (2012) note that the applications of the theory include the facilitation of the collaboration between patients and nurses, physicians and patients, nurses and physicians, nurses and caregivers, and so on.
Critique
Strengths
One of the strengths of the article is the use of details. The theory is described in detail. Importantly, the authors achieve the major goal of the paper and describe the theory and ways to apply it to the nursing practice. The use of the table is another strength as it helps the reader to perceive the data provided. Furthermore, the table can be used as a framework or even a checklist as nurses can ensure they provide care properly. Tracy and DiNapoli (2012) state that the use of the theory can help voice the stakeholders’ (patients’, caregivers’ and healthcare professionals’) needs, fears, ideas, feelings, and so on. The authors also unveil certain areas for further research that can help nursing practitioners and theorists.
Weaknesses
However, the article is also characterized by a number of weaknesses. First, the methodology used could be improved. The authors review the major works associated with the theory in question and pain management. However, the review of studies focusing on the application of the theory (or even other theories) in pain management would enhance the article. Furthermore, the description of the theory lacks visuals. It could be helpful for the reader to have a figure or graph revealing the quadrants and dimensions mentioned.
MSN Essentials
The MSN essentials the nurse applying the theory in question can put into application include quality improvement and leadership. The APN applying the theory of integral nursing will inevitably improve the quality of care provided as pain management will become more efficient. Nurses will be able to understand the needs of their patients and various factors affecting the healing process (Weiss & Tappen, 2014). In simple terms, nurses will be able to facilitate their patients’ healing ability. As to the leadership, nurses applying the theory will feel or rather be more empowered.
They will be more active and effective when collaborating with other healthcare professionals. One of the major factors making nurses less empowered is not knowing, but the theory equips nursing professionals with the necessary knowledge. The APN is knowledgeable and experienced to provide care and, importantly, encourage (and sometimes inspire) other healthcare professionals to apply the theory in their practice.
References
Tracy, S. M., & DiNapoli, P. P. (2012). Exploring the theory of integral nursing with implications for pain management practice. International Journal for Human Caring, 16(1), 26-33.
Weiss, S. A., & Tappen, R. M. (2014). Essentials of nursing leadership and management. Philadelphia, PA: F. A. Davis.