Introduction
In the realm of healthcare, understanding how germs are transmitted from one person or object to another is of paramount importance. Our video series on infectious disease precautions delves into the intricacies of contact, droplet, and airborne precautions, which are essential in preventing the spread of infectious microorganisms.
Universal vs. Transmission Precautions
First, let’s clarify the distinction between Universal or Standard Precautions and Transmission Precautions. Universal precautions are the baseline for all patient care, consisting of four key components. Hand hygiene is a universal standard and a vital practice to halt the transmission of microorganisms. Respiratory hygiene, or cough etiquette, teaches patients to cover their mouths when coughing to prevent airborne bugs from lingering in the air or on surfaces (Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, n.d). Depending on the patient’s condition, personal protective equipment, such as gloves and gowns, is used as needed. Safely disposing of sharps is the fourth component.
Transmission precautions, however, are tailored to specific disease transmission modes. Diseases may require contact, droplet, or airborne precautions, with COVID-19 necessitating all three. Contact precautions demand rigorous hand washing for all, in addition to providers wearing gloves and gowns when entering a patient’s room. It’s vital to keep equipment private from patients and to clean shared equipment meticulously.
Droplet precautions mandate hand washing and the coverage of eyes, nose, and mouth with a face shield or goggles upon room entry (LeaRNursing, 2020). Face protection should be removed before leaving the room, akin to personal protective equipment in contact precautions. Airborne precautions necessitate hand washing and the use of N95 respirators. These respirators are fit-tested to ensure a secure seal, as they are 95% effective in filtering out harmful airborne particles. Notably, the respirator should only be removed once exiting the patient’s room, as pathogens can linger in the air.
It’s crucial to note that a patient may require a combination of these precautions, such as COVID-19 patients who necessitate all three. When leaving a patient’s room with airborne precautions, it’s imperative to shut the door to contain any lingering airborne pathogens.
Conclusion
In summary, precautions in healthcare are tailored procedures designed to minimize the transmission risk of infectious organisms. Universal precautions serve as the foundation for all patient care, while transmission precautions, including contact, droplet, and airborne, are disease-specific recommendations. These precautions are vital tools in the battle against infectious diseases, emphasizing the importance of thorough hand hygiene, proper personal protective equipment use, and safe handling.
References
Cystic Fibrosis Foundation. (n.d.). How are germs spread?. Web.
LeaRNursing. (2020). Universal, contact, droplet, and airborne precautions with Professor Lawes [Video]. YouTube. Web.