Introduction
Deaths from cardiopulmonary arrest occurring outside of a healthcare setting are the primary cause of death in developed countries. Even after being revived by emergency medical personnel, many people die each year in Britain and the United States. It takes 8-9 minutes for emergency medical services to arrive at the scene, and it can be much longer. On the other hand, the central nervous system begins to die within three to five minutes, mainly in most situations. As a result, rescue service providers will begin resuscitation attempts late, possibly requiring the use of lay cardiopulmonary compressions. Over half of cardiac arrests occur outside of the hospital, and most people take place at their residences (ACR, 2021). While laypersons begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation and other defibrillation operations, viability is nearly doubled or increased, as is the likelihood of excellent neurophysiological consequences.
The Australian Resuscitation Council (2021) advises some fundamental ideals of chest compressions for laypersons utilizing a multidisciplinary and team-based approach. Nevertheless, in certain European states, the percentage of lay resuscitations is less than 30 %; in other countries, the percentage rises above 30% (Bottiger et al., 2017). Thousands of lives could be saved each year if secular resuscitation rates could be raised across the board. Achieving a 50% of total or higher lay resuscitation rate worldwide will be more accessible by following these simple and precise principles while distributing them to the greatest extent possible (ARC, 2021). In usually lay resuscitation, those who concentrate on the most critical and practical aspects and assist in understanding and implementing these aspects are the trained personnel.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
On a respiratory problem and unconsciousness, cardiopulmonary resuscitation and respiratory support are used to keep the patient’s blood flowing and oxygenation levels high. Patients who have experienced a cardiovascular incident fared better in terms of survival and physiological deliverables when resuscitation was quick and effective, along with defibrillation (Borke, 2021). Rescuers must perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) correctly, or else their attempts to save a life will be ineffective and ultimately non-viable.
If cardiopulmonary resuscitation is provided and is effective, then the cause of the cardiac arrest and the victim’s fitness and activity level at the time of the arrest will have an impact on the victim’s recovery. Some people may be able to recover fully following successful resuscitation; however, for others, additional treatment may be necessary. On the other hand, some patients might not be able to regain their previous health status. Furthermore, when CPR is performed on someone suffering from a prolonged or fatal disease, the success rate is significantly lower.
Analysis of the Right Practices
The first action is for the rescuer to use noise and contact to communicate with the patient to elicit a response. According to the Australian Resuscitation Council (2020) policy, when someone collapses, rescuers should instantly verify if they react to loud voices or clenching of their body and if they are inhaling normally. If there is no response and the patient is not struggling to breathe normally or even whimpering, resuscitation procedures must be initiated as soon as possible. CPR should begin immediately and without delay. From the incidence, the caregiver performed well by addressing the patient to check the response to sound and touch stimuli (Christian Care Health System, 2011). After realizing the patient is unresponsive, she quickly assembled a team of medics and CPR commenced immediately.
The second step is to begin the emergency medical procedure by gathering enough rescuers to begin CPR. At the very least, the rapid caregiver should call emergency medical services (Bottiger et al., 2018). The rescuer did an excellent job of quickly assembling the team members needed to commence the chest compressions of the unconscious patient. Chest compressions were initiated immediately and without interruption with the aim of regaining the breath of the patient.
The third and most crucial step is hard chest compressions. As a result, the patient is lying on his back. With the hands-on the middle of the patient’s chest, the rescuer must stand beside him and unbutton his shirt. Persons who have plain limbs and shoulders have breastbones that are at least 5 – 6 cm underneath the compression spot on their chests (Kragholm et al., 2017). Immediately following compression cycles, the force exerted on that chest should be completely released (Australian Resuscitation Council, 2021). It is vital to alternate between contraction and discharge at 100-120 challenging cycles per minute or two seconds. From the incident, the caregiver continuously stood beside the patient all through the process and that was the correct thing to do as guided by the Australian Resuscitation Council.
The rescue crews used a ventilation system to increase the oxygen supply to aid resuscitation. Oxygenation may increase the chances of survival even further, especially if this same individual continues to be conscious indefinitely (Christian Care Health System, 2011). If the cause of the cardiogenic shock is a lack of oxygen, which is almost always the case in babies, toddlers, children, or people who are suffocating, ventilation is critical. This practice is essential for survival and should be performed immediately, always, and by anyone who suspects a cardiac arrest. The said techniques should be taught throughout the country, commencing in classrooms. In certain situations, arbitrary vents and an advanced airway ventilator could also boost safety and survival chances.
Critique of the Wrong Practices
The rescuers performed poor chest compressions due to lack of consistency. Mayo Clinic Staff (2022) recommends compressing the chest straight down for nearly 5 cm and no further over 6 cm. When performing compressions, it is important to use the whole-body weight rather than only arms. The rescuer was only using her arms to compress the patient’s chest, which appeared to be ineffective (Christian Care Health System, 2011). The far more essential step in CPR is compressions. Persistent compressions should have been performed until there is evidence of movement. If a person has received CPR training, they need to proceed to clear the airway and relief respirations.
According to ARC guidelines (2021), the compressions should be continuous and uninterrupted but from the incident, the process was marred by numerous interruptions and stoppages, causing the process to be irregular. The process could quickly become ineffective because the actions were poorly executed. Before performing CPR on anyone, it is critical to understand the risks. As a result, appropriate cardiopulmonary resuscitation exercise is always advised for everyone else to be capable of responding to medical emergency circumstances appropriately.
Whenever an individual passes into a cardio-respiratory problem, cardiopulmonary resuscitation could be used to relaunch their heart and respiration and re-establish their airflow. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is intrusive, encompassing compressions, electrocution out of a defibrillator, narcotic injections, and pulmonary ventilation. In some cases, CPR has a high survival rate when supplied on time. On the other hand, CPR has a meagre survival rate in general. The loads and threats of CPR include internal organ damage and rib fractures, and negative psychological consequences for the person, such as brain damage or enhanced physical impairment. If cardiopulmonary resuscitation is unsuccessful in reactivating the chest or respirations and rebuilding airflow, the patient may end up dying in an unfortunate and distressing fashion.
Additional Practices
Training personnel should always be aware of the superimposition of palms positioned on the core of the chest, with the rescuer’s arms stretched, during the dispatch of compressions. The rescuers’ forearms must be locked out, despite the illustration appearing otherwise. The rate of chest compressions should be between 100 and 120 for every minute (Bloomberg, 2019). The rescuer should push every two-inch reduction as hard as possible and allow the chest to retract between each compression fully. Any compression pauses should be kept to a minimum by the rescuer. When a person is unresponsive, lay rescuers are expected to be suspicious of cardiorespiratory shock. Elderly patients who are incapacitated or in cardiogenic shock can be given CPR guidelines by medical emergency dispatchers equipped with the necessary equipment.
Conclusion
To conclude, even if a victim is in cardiopulmonary arrest, numerous lay rescue crews are reluctant to begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation because they are concerned that compressions delivered to the individual, not in cardiogenic shock, could injure them. Health care providers will likely publish reports and case studies of serious harm resulting from CPR treatment for patients that are not in myocardial infarction. The lack of reported cases of severe damages might enhance assertions that favourable impacts will far outweigh detrimental implications. In many cases, people who are not in cardiogenic shock require CPR because their responsiveness is compromised and their prognosis is poor. In the absence of a physical injury, it is unknown if performing compressions and relief respirations will exacerbate these conditions. Before administering CPR to anyone, it is essential to know the possible side effects. As a result, everyone should be trained in CPR to be eligible to react to emergency cases correctly.
References
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