Introduction
Charles Taylor builds on the ideas of Martin Heidegger, tracing the historical roots of secularization back to the Renaissance, which marked a shift away from the medieval worldview, in which the world was seen as inherently meaningful and ordered (Taylor 559). Secularization is therefore a long and complex process that has unfolded over centuries. The rise of humanism and individualism during the Renaissance marked a turning point in the way humans understood themselves and their relationship to the world (Taylor 561).
He argues that secularization is not merely a decline in religious belief but a fundamental shift in how humans understand themselves as beings in this world. Martin Heidegger viewed secularization as a result of a shift in humans’ understanding of themselves as a larger, transcendent order (Taylor 562). In modern times, people have lost their sense of transcendence and become increasingly focused on their individuality and materialism.
Summary of Charles Taylor’s Views
Secularization and Technological Progress
Taylor explores the role of science and technology in the process of secularization (Taylor 566). He argues that the rise of modern science and technological advancements that followed created a sense of mastery over the natural world, leading to the decline in religious belief and a shift towards a more materialistic worldview. This, in turn, led to a new understanding of human freedom and autonomy, as people became less reliant on religious institutions for meaning and purpose.
Secularization and Religion
It is a mistake to view secularization as a simple rejection of religion, as it is deeply intertwined with the historical and cultural developments of modernity. Religion remains a vital cultural force, even in secular societies, that continues to shape people’s values, beliefs, and practices. Despite the decline of religion, it remains a powerful force in some areas and is likely to continue being so in the future. He suggests we adopt a more nuanced approach to secularization, one that considers its complex, multifaceted evolution.
Secularization and Ethics
Taylor also discusses the impact of secularization on morality and ethics (Taylor 563). He argues that as religion has declined in influence, new moral frameworks have emerged, including human rights, democracy, and individualism (Taylor 570). However, these frameworks face challenges, including the rise of nihilism and the erosion of meaning and purpose in the modern world.
Authentic Self
Taylor discusses Heidegger’s idea of the “authentic” self (Taylor 571), in which Heidegger argues that the authentic self can break free from the instrumental world and experience humanity more profoundly. Taylor notes that this idea is significant for understanding the modern era because it provides a way to grasp the search for meaning and authenticity that is central to secular culture.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Taylor employs Heidegger’s ideas to explain the cultural shifts that have contributed to secularism, suggesting that reconnecting with our existence is a means of addressing the challenges of modernity (Taylor 574). By exploring the connections between modernity, technology, and the concept of being, Taylor provides a compelling account of how we arrived at our current moment.
Work Cited
Taylor, Charles. A Secular Age. Cambridge, London: The Belknap Press of Havard University Press, 2007. Document.