Summary
Nowadays, it is impossible to always and forever live in harmony with others. When billions of people live on the Earth, everyone has different opinions and does not always coincide with others’ views. It is almost impossible for a person to earn money, live, and generally be happy without interacting with other people, which is why people cannot deal with disagreements. Misunderstandings can arise in any field, which might be in the sphere of science or the relationship between two people.
Depending on the case, arguments are divided into emotional, ethical, and logical. Emotional arguments are based on a person’s feelings about various situations. They evoke certain emotions in a person depending on what kind of discussions he or she is having. In turn, ethical argumentation has more to do with humanity and morality than anything else. Existing generally accepted norms do not always correspond to the person’s morality, so misunderstandings and miscommunications exist. Meanwhile, logical reasoning is concerned with human thinking and, more than anything else, with science. This article will examine each of the above statements, find out its use and effectiveness, and present a rhetorical analysis of the article related to emotional, ethical, and logical argumentation.
Emotional Argument
The author of the news article, Michael Austin, is a professor of philosophy at the University of Kentucky. He informs that a few years ago, he attended his favorite concert, where an image of an outstanding female philosopher Mary Wollstonecraft was attached to the screen (Austin, 2022). Her view is to have a neutral idea of men and women, where equality and the same merit of a good life are considered. Traditions and statutes of life state that women are not that much rational as men (Austin, 2022). Therefore, women often cannot achieve some things as men can. In addition, it was believed that society accepted women as those who were ready emotionally and physically to have a child. In this case, the emotional argument presses on women because of the peculiarities of their socialization, and men feel dominated. It is effective because society uses stereotypes and emotional violence for its purposes.
As a woman, Mary Wollstonecraft has stepped in to defend women’s rights and challenges the above emotional arguments. Wollstonecraft argues that if women, like men, are God’s creatures and should develop all the time, then women should also use men’s services (Austin, 2022). These, in turn, are educational services. She, turning to theology and being in an emotional impression, demonstrates the wrongness of the infringements of women accused of irrationality.
Ethical Argument
The article consists of an ethical argument based on the Bible’s commandments that dominate the marriage relationship. Ethical arguments are needed to establish whether the act has ethical attributes and falls within the understanding of social morality. Regarding marriage, ethics is based on the idea that each person is worthy of respect, to express it, and reciprocate it with honesty and virtue. Moll (2022) uses an ethical argument based on commandments. Specifically, the author believes that all people are sinful whether or not they commit adultery. The main argument is that any action the Bible considers adultery is unethical, including women and men looking at each other, homosexuality, and sex outside of marriage. It is used to prove the deliberate guilt of a person unable and unwilling to live according to God’s will (Moll, 2022). The argument will only be effective against religious persons who do not want to apply God’s fundamental law of mutual love to the modern world. The ethics of relationships outside or within marriage are not based on preventing the kind of adultery the Bible interprets.
Logical Argument
Even while social media has many fantastic purposes, when individuals often disclose info on the internet, they typically do so without much care. Before releasing material to the public, broadcast media like television and radio news often extensively investigate it. They use fact-checkers to guarantee that the information being reported is correct, reporters who have experience covering a specific topic, editors to ensure that the material will make sense to the reader, and reporters who have a background in doing so. There is frequently limited place for in-depth reasoning because messages on social media are often relatively brief, especially on platforms like Twitter, where brevity is required. Therefore, people on social media may turn to justifications that are oversimplified, devoid of supporting data and based on flawed logic.
Herschel Walker, the Republican candidate for the US Senate in Georgia, has drawn criticism once more for remarks that implied inflation disproportionately affects women. The comments were made in Mr. Walker’s hometown of Wrightsville (Asher, 2022). Additionally, Mr. Walker has shown himself to be an erratic public speaker who is prone to mistakes, which worries national Republicans. In his program devoted to women’s problems, Mr. Walker avoided bringing up the US Supreme Court’s decision to overturn Roe v. Wade, but he later told a reporter that he was delighted with the choice to do so (Asher, 2022). Mr. Walker has previously said that he is in favor of outright, unconditional prohibition of abortion. By making up false statements, Mr. Walker tries to use logical arguments, but they are inefficient and subjective. The effectiveness of statements is low because most people do not support his statements and find logical errors in his words in the form of false actions or substitution of facts. Such a logical tool is used as evidence for Mr. Walker’s opinion because he somehow needs to back up his sexist judgments.
Rhetorical Analysis
Although black women have been murdered by police officers, Kimberle Crenshaw, a civil rights lawyer, critical race philosopher, and minority advocate, found that the media has primarily focused on the deaths of black men. In her lecture “The Relevance of Intersectionality,” she argues that because our society lacks intersectionality groups, equality activists are unaware of the effects of police brutality on women of color (Nicholson, 2021). In evaluating Crenshaw’s delivery measure, we can see that effectively using parallelism in the form of idiomatic phrases and epistrophes increases the potential emotional response from the statement.
Anaphora, a type of repetition in which a repeated phrase is stated at the beginning of each sentence to emphasize each point made, is a repetition technique that Crenshaw often uses to heighten the emotional impact of the following words. Her methods of emotional impact seem adequate as she presses on critical points where a response is expected. At the beginning of her speech, she orders her audience to get up and down if they do not recognize the name. The audience’s ignorance of the police violence faced by black women is evident when she acknowledges that the last few sentences belong to black women killed by police after noticing that only four people in the audience are still standing.
Crenshaw knows that complex topics such as the killing of black women by police must be dealt with directly. It is impossible to discuss police brutality without mentioning the victims, and it is impossible to truly understand the consequences of such a horrific event without using direct words. Crenshaw urges victims of police brutality, who are ignored, to show the importance of demonstrating and persevering against such unjust killings. By the end of her speech, the audience joins her in naming the names of the black women murdered by the police, demonstrating that the audience accepts her use of such language. To draw attention to the invisible plight of black women, Crenshaw uses such emotional retellings and does so successfully in the interest of equality and activism. In evaluating Crenshaw’s behavior, it can be judged that using and stimulating emotional intelligence is a winning strategy because it directly points out imperfections.
References
Asher, A. (2022). Herschel Walker sparks outrage by calling inflation a women’s issue: ‘They’ve got to buy groceries.’ The Independent. Web.
Austin, M. W. (2022). To women who changed the world: The ethics of Mary Wollstonecraft. Psychology Today. Web.
Moll, R. (2022). Religion: ‘Thou shalt not commit adultery’. Northwest Arkansas Newspapers. Web.
Nicholson, L. O. (2021). Convincing of the urgency of intersectionality. Web.