First-Cycle vs. Second-Cycle and Inductive vs. Deductive Coding in Qualitative Research

Coding in Qualitative Research

Qualitative research often involves coding to analyze data and categorize related themes. This approach allows researchers to deepen their understanding of the data. Coding is divided into two types—first-cycle and second-cycle coding—and two categories—inductive and deductive coding (Linneberg & Korsgaard, 2019). This discussion will examine the differences between first- and second-cycle coding and inductive versus deductive coding.

First-Cycle vs. Second-Cycle Coding

The first step of coding data to recognize key topics and trends is first-cycle coding. This entails applying labels to connected parts of the data that can be categorized together (Linneberg & Korsgaard, 2019). During the first-cycle coding procedure, open coding is generally used, which involves labeling the data with a descriptive word. This enables researchers to detect designs and themes in the data that can be further investigated.

Researchers analyze data already coded in the first round in the second coding cycle. They group similar code labels and assign labels to these more significant categories. Researchers also use axial coding during this process, which involves assigning labels to related categories (Linneberg & Korsgaard, 2019). This helps researchers gain a better understanding of the data and identify relationships between different ideas.

Inductive vs. Deductive Coding

Inductive coding is a method that utilizes data to detect patterns and create theories. It involves analyzing data and labeling it without any preconceived ideas. This allows researchers to develop theories based on emerging patterns and themes. On the other hand, deductive coding is a method that applies existing theories to analyze data (Linneberg & Korsgaard, 2019). Researchers analyze data with a specific hypothesis or theory in mind, allowing them to test existing theories by seeking patterns and themes that support or challenge the theory.

The Use of Analytical Memos

Analytical memos are used to record the coding process and any discoveries that arise during it. They are usually composed during the coding process to note any observed or noticed patterns (Linneberg & Korsgaard, 2019). Analytical memos can help researchers gain a clearer understanding of the data they are working with and find connections between different topics or concepts.

Reference

Linneberg, M. S., & Korsgaard, S. (2019). Coding qualitative data: A synthesis guiding the ​novice. Qualitative research journal, 19(3), 259-270. Web.