Introduction
Eskridge, 2021, in his article, expands on historical analysis, where he fixes legal changes in the United States regarding opposite-sex couples applying for official marriage and, in general, anti-discrimination laws. He argues that the germ of the LGBT struggle was the dark-skinned activists and people who, through living examples, showed in the middle of the last century the desire to enter into an interracial marriage. Most Supreme Court judges initially did not see any connection between the struggle of blacks for their rights and the struggle of the LGBT community. However, historical analysis shows that one process inevitably leads to another.
Discussion
Eskridge, 2021 found that natural social change contributed to legal change. People, in general, every year before coming to the presidency of Barack Obama, were inclined to the most excellent tolerance. They met a large number of gays and lesbians and saw them on TV and the Internet. Many parents wanted to protect their children from being attacked if they came out. The elimination of discrimination in the media, in the workplace, and elsewhere has led to the logical desire of activists and ordinary LGBT people to marry. They were no longer satisfied with the intermediate position judges could provide them for a long time, recognizing domestic unions and cohabitation. The most critical role in this process was played by free media, which broadcast many opinions, showing people the difference in lives and destinies.
Meine, 2022 uses conservative terminology to raise the issue of same-sex marriage in his country. In his opinion, same-sex marriage as a phenomenon has a purely political foundation and pursues other goals, not entirely those that were initially announced. The article believes that the issue of sexuality is strongly associated with same-sex marriage, and activists are here in favor of sexual freedom and promiscuity. Doing it violates old patterns of sexual monogamous behavior and family ethics.
According to Maine 2022, same-sex couples maintain polygamous relationships and frequent changes in sexual partners. Among these couples, the percentage of cheating is high, and such people, in general, are eager to enter into a sexual relationship. According to Maine, 2022, the requirements for same-sex marriage violate legal and social norms; he calls such marriage exclusively ‘queer marriage,’ making accents. Marriage is a dyad that, according to the researcher, is impossible for people who believe in the randomness of gender and sexual orientation. Such people cannot live with dignity in a dyad and cannot be capable of long-term solid relationships with one person. Possibly, according to the researcher, sex takes up too much space in the lives of LGBT people; therefore, they want it to permeate all spheres of human relations, including legal, the most seemingly rigid.
Kuby, 2019 has created a thoughtful and detailed analysis of Awakening, pairing it with a summary of Wedlocked. Both works deal with the struggle of gays and lesbians for the possibility of marriage. The authors of the books mentioned and Kuby, 2019, three compare gay and lesbian activism with the history of the black population in the United States. It turns out that the slave-owning society, freeing men from slavery, only more strongly forsook women and children into this slavery. The constraints of the new slavery were marriage, which made a black woman powerless not by the fact of birth but by the point of the absence or death of her husband. All this developed against the backdrop of the mobilization of dark-skinned men into the army, becoming easy prey for enemies and, consequently, being unreliable partners for women who had barely gained freedom.
Marriage is not a gift of freedom but a social mechanism of enslavement, which the state can reasonably use for its purposes. The regulation of marital relations also falls under the category of biopolitics, developed by Michel Foucault. It is the central deception of the struggle for the freedom of marriage, which must be consistent and considered from all sides. The state has the brutal force of prohibitions and regulations and a soft one, consisting of social obligations and norms. Kuby, 2019 makes this point based on the material studied in history and sociology.
Researchers from Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), 2022, reported on the risks of using assisted reproductive technology for same-sex families preparing for parenthood. These results are compared with opposite-sex couples who are expecting a baby. The report claims that the risk of preterm birth is increased for same-sex couples when using assisted reproductive technologies. At the same time, fetal growth is reduced in these couples.
Conclusion
Same-sex couples, possibly very responsibly, are preparing for pregnancy and checking their health in advance. Consequently, the cured and having received a complete analysis of their condition is already starting a pregnancy. Assisted reproductive technologies then really only have a positive effect because, in a same-sex couple, they may be incredibly attentive to the use of medical technologies. In such couples, the pregnant person takes vitamins, carefully adjusts the diet, and is shown to the doctor at the first sign of problems. The report does not draw any significant definitive conclusions but states that further research is required on the subject under discussion. If the scientific community considers the importance and relevance of the topic now, such studies will be carried out by doctors and biologists. Further research will significantly benefit midwifery and family planning as society moves naturally toward more conscious, intentional parenthood.
References
Eskridge, W. N. (2021). Marriage equality’s lessons for social movements and constitutional change. William & Mary Reviev, 62(5), 1449–1476.
Kuby, W. (2019). Awakening: How gays and lesbians brought marriage equality to America. Journal of the History of Sexuality, 28(1), 148–169.
Maine, A. (2021). Queering marriage: The homoradical and anti-normativity. Laws, 11(1).
Researchers from Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU) Describe Findings in Assisted Reproductive Technology (Differences In Perinatal Outcomes of Birthing People In Same- sex and Different-sex Marriages). (2022). Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week, 3772-3776.