The US Supreme Court does not adhere strictly to any universal rules or techniques of constitutional interpretation, enabling cases when civil liberties are violated. The freedom to express one’s views is protected by the First Amendment to the US Constitution. The government is not to limit the ability of citizens to express their opinions openly. In July 1981 (Haig v. Agee), however, the Supreme Court revoked the passport of former CIA officer Philip Agee who had appeared exposing the intelligence agency’s criminal operations. The Court stated that the US State Department has the right to deny a citizen a passport if a person influences national security and foreign policy. The decision was adopted in violation of the First Amendment to the US Constitution, which proclaimed freedom of speech.
Freedom of press implies the government is staying away from censorship when the news and opinion expressed in print are not generally accepted. In 1988 (Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier), the school newspaper was censored, and students were sued by the US Supreme Court for printing articles about divorce and early pregnancy. The Court stated the subjects to be unacceptable for the school paper, which again violates the First Amendment.
The 14th Amendment was introduced to Congress towards the end of the Civil War to ensure that newly freed black Americans would not be denied citizenship. Besides, it meant that the rights and liberties of all the citizens, regardless of skin color, were protected. It also provided for the punishment of states for violating these regulations. Thus, based on Amendment XIV, the Supreme Court created the doctrine of fundamental rights and freedoms of a person. Civil liberties are supposed to protect US citizens from the government. For instance, there is liberty that guarantees adherence to any religion they like, and the government cannot force them to change it. However, civil rights resolute the equality of all the Americans and ensures that they all have equal conditions. Civil Rights are also expected to protect minority groups.