In this article, the formulation of the goal corresponds to the formulation of the problem, each of which touches on the topic of infections in places of surgical intervention, namely in the field of abdominal surgery. The exact words are used in the goal and the problem, which eliminates the possibility of discussing different topics and posing non-matching questions. The authors chose the literature study in the Medline/PubMed and Web of Science Core Collection databases as the research method (Tomsic et al., 2020). This study was aimed at obtaining quantitative data, which is demonstrated by searching for differences in quantitative indicators, comparing the results of implemented interventions and the number of the most private interventions.
The questions fully describe the answers to the variables, as this will make it possible to conduct research with maximum accuracy. The study contains words that indicate that a quantitative study was conducted, for example: “… four or three most frequent implementation interventions were compared to those where this did not apply…” (Tomsic et al., 2020, p. 4). The research questions do not include the identification of independent and dependent variables. In this case, as a hypothesis, can be taken the fact that infections are widespread in abdominal surgery; that is, the hypothesis fully corresponds to the research questions. The hypothesis does not include null or any alternative hypotheses and focuses entirely on the study of the questions posed. Neither questions nor hypotheses identify the study participants, but information about them is given in a specific section and shows that two participants who will compare the necessary data are enough to conduct this quantitative study.
It is possible to conduct many qualitative and quantitative studies on nosocomial infections at the sites of operations. An urgent issue for qualitative research may be searching for strategies to reduce the number of diseases during surgical manipulations. For quantitative analysis, it is essential to understand how many people become infected from infections during surgery in a particular country. The variables in the quantitative study will be the total number of people in a medical facility, the following variable will be people who do not need surgery, and the last one will be people who need surgery. Dependent variables should include the total number of people in need of surgery, the number of patients who were not infected during the operation, and another variable that will demonstrate the number of infected patients after surgery. The mixing variables in this case will be the total number of patients in the medical institution and the number of patients who require surgery.
The choice of these research problems and variables is justified by the relevance of the occurrence of infectious diseases in the places of operations. Westland et al. (2021) claim that the prevention of infections at the sites of surgical intervention is one of the most acute problems in the international medical community. This problem can arise for various reasons, for example, unfair processing of the surgeon’s working field, lack of control of medical personnel and others. It is difficult to assess this situation based on my own experience since, in modern conditions, I try to protect my body and body from possible damage to avoid medical institutions and operations. Still, some friends have encountered the appearance of various kinds of infectious diseases that appeared after surgery. 14-17% of nosocomial infections are infections received in the surgical area (Ay & Gencturk, 2018). The main proposal to eliminate this problem will be to strengthen control over the medical staff involved in the sterilization of the surgeon’s labor field and the development of additional measures to sterilize equipment and operating rooms.
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Ay, F. & Gencturk, N. (2018). Disinfection and sterilization related situations for patient safety in operation rooms. International Journal of Caring Sciences, 11(1), 607-614.
Tomsic, I., Heinze, N., Chaberny, I., Krauth, C., Schock, B., & von Lengerke, T. (2020). Implementation interventions in preventing surgical site infections in abdominal surgery: A systematic review. BMC Health Services Research, 20(236), 1-21.
Wistrand, C., Falk-Brynhildsen, K., & Sundqvist, A. (2021). Important interventions in the operating room to prevent bacterial contamination and surgical site infections. American Journal of Infection Control, 1(1), 1-6.