Student Scaffold WBC Assignment for BIOL 1104

Topic: Students Words: 1208 Pages: 4

Table of Contents

Summary
Calculations
Bar Graph description using the SEEI method
SEEI-Method Paragraph Analysis
Reference

Summary

Table: Patients’ White Blood Cell Count and Percentages

Patients’ White Blood Cells Count and Percentages Comparison
Blood Cell	Patient Control	Patient UNK A	Patient UNK B	Percentage Patient Control	Percentage Patient UNK A	Percentage Patient UNK B
Neutrophils	543	785	542	41.9	51.1	41.8
Eosinophils	25	26	27	1.9	1.7	2.08
Basophils	9	8	18	0.69	0.52	1.39
Lymphocytes	654	656	649	50.5	42.7	50.03
Monocytes	62	60	61	4.8	3.9	4.7
Total	1293	1535	1297

Two unknown patients – UNK A and UNK B – were evaluated for leukocytosis. Their white blood cell indicators are being compared to the Control patient who has normal levels of white blood cells. For each patient, percentages of each white blood cell level were counted.

Calculations

First, I have calculated the total number of white blood cells for each of the three patients by adding numbers of each white blood cell count in each group. Thus, it would be:

543+25+9+654+62 = 1293 – total number of white blood cells for Control Patient;
785+26+8+656+60 = 1535 – total number of white blood cells for unknown Patient A;
542+27+18+649+61 = 1297 – total number of white blood cells for unknown Patient B.

Then, I determined the percentage for every white blood cell count by using the formula:

Percentage (%) = Part of the group subset / Total number of WBC.

Thus, for determining the percentage of neutrophils in Control Patient’s bloodwork, the formula would be the following:

Percentage (%) = 543 / 1293 = 41.9%;
Eosinophils in Control Patient’s bloodwork:
Percentage (%) = 25 / 1293 = 1.9%;

Basophils in Control Patient’s bloodwork:

Percentage (%) = 9 / 1293 = 0.69%;

Lymphocytes in Control Patient’s bloodwork:

Percentage (%) = 654 / 1293 = 50.5%;

Monocytes in Control Patient’s bloodwork:

Percentage (%) = 62 / 1293 = 4.8%.

Next, I determined the percentage of neutrophils in unknown Patient A’s bloodwork, using the same formula:

Percentage (%) = 785 / 1535 = 51.1%;

Eosinophils in Unknown Patient A’s bloodwork:

Percentage (%) = 26 / 1535 = 1.7%;

Basophils in Unknown Patient A’s bloodwork:

Percentage (%) = 8 / 1535 = 0.52%;

Lymphocytes in Unknown Patient A’s bloodwork:

Percentage (%) = 656 / 1535 = 42.7%;

Monocytes in Unknown Patient A’s bloodwork:

Percentage (%) = 60 / 1535 = 3.9%.

Finally, I determined the percentage of neutrophils in unknown Patient B’s bloodwork with that formula:

Percentage (%) = 542 / 1297 = 41.8%;

Eosinophils in Unknown Patient B’s bloodwork:

Percentage (%) = 27 / 1297 = 2.08%;

Basophils in Unknown Patient B’s bloodwork:

Percentage (%) = 18 / 1297 = 1.39%;

Lymphocytes in Unknown Patient B’s bloodwork:

Percentage (%) = 649 / 1297 = 50.03%;

Monocytes in Unknown Patient B’s bloodwork:

Percentage (%) = 61 / 1297 = 4.7%.

Figure 1: This bar chart shows the percentages of white blood cells of the three patients compared to each other. Different types of white blood cells were observed in patients’ serum

Bar Graph description using the SEEI method

(S) State: In the bar graph, it is visible that unknown Patient A has a significantly elevated level of neutrophils. Moreover, unknown Patient A shows a much lower level of lymphocytes in their blood serum. Finally, Patient A’s monocytes are slightly lower than Control Patient’s and Patient B’s. Unknown Patient B only has slightly elevated eosinophils and basophils.
(E) Elaborate: Using microscopy and blood analysis, a patient’s blood and serum can be evaluated for various indicators, such as, for example, white blood cell count. By comparing the levels of blood cells in the patient’s serum to the normal blood of a healthy person, we can determine which cells count is elevated and/or lowered.
(E) Example: UCSF Health (2020) reports that infections and acute stress can increase the levels of white blood cells due to immune response or inflammatory process. Moreover, a significant rise of one type of white blood cells level might cause a decrease of other white blood cell levels (UCSF Health, 2020).
(I) Interpretation: Patient A’s significantly increased neutrophils indicate that they might be suffering from acute infection, leukemia, gout, rheumatoid arthritis, or thyroiditis (UCSF Health, 2020). However, Patient A also has low levels of lymphocytes which point towards leukemia again, sepsis or HIV/AIDS infection (UCSF Health, 2020).

Patient B shows slightly increased levels of eosinophils and basophils in their blood serum. Elevated eosinophils can be an indicator of Addison’s disease, allergic reaction, chronic myelogenous leukemia, or parasitic infection (UCSF Health, 2020). An increase in basophils usually occurs due to also allergic reactions and chronic myelogenous leukemia, as well as due to chickenpox or collagen vascular disease (UCSF Health, 2020).

SEEI-Method Paragraph Analysis

In the bar graph, it is visible that unknown Patient A has significantly elevated level of neutrophils compared to Control Patient and unknown Patient B, who have similar levels of this white blood cell type. Moreover, unknown Patient A shows much lower level of lymphocytes in their blood serum as opposed to the results of Control Patient and unknown Patient B, who again have similar levels of these blood cells. Finally, Patient A’s monocytes are slightly lower than Control Patient’s and Patient B’s. Unknown Patient B has slightly elevated eosinophils and basophils compared to both the Control Patient and Patient A, who show similar counts of these types of blood cells.

Using microscopy and blood analysis, a patient’s blood and serum can be evaluated for various indicators, such as, for example, white blood cell count. By comparing the levels of blood cells in the patient’s serum to the normal blood of a healthy person, we can determine which cells count is elevated and/or lowered. These indicators can then be used together with other examination results to establish the diagnosis and prepare a treatment plan. UCSF Health (2020) reports that infections and acute stress can increase the levels of white blood cells due to immune response or inflammatory process. Moreover, a significant rise in one type of white blood cell level might cause a decrease in other white blood cell levels (UCSF Health, 2020). Discrepancies in levels of each type of white blood cells point towards different diseases and/or disorders in the body.

By reviewing each of the unknown patient’s white blood cell levels, we can determine a precursory diagnosis and use it to perform more targeted examinations later. For example, Patient A’s significantly increased neutrophils indicate that they might be suffering from acute infection, leukemia, gout, rheumatoid arthritis, or thyroiditis (UCSF Health, 2020). However, Patient A also has low levels of lymphocytes which points toward leukemia again, sepsis, or HIV/AIDS infection (UCSF Health, 2020). Thus, one can conclude that Patient A can be possibly diagnosed with either leukemia or acute infection, although further investigation is necessary.

As opposed to Patient A, Patient B shows slightly increased levels of eosinophils and basophils in their blood serum. Elevated eosinophils can be an indicator of Addison’s disease, allergic reaction, chronic myelogenous leukemia, or parasitic infection (UCSF Health, 2020). An increase in basophils usually occurs due to allergic reactions, chronic myelogenous leukemia, and chickenpox or collagen vascular disease (UCSF Health, 2020). Therefore, we can suspect that Patient B is likely suffering from either allergy or myelogenous leukemia, as the results indicate – additional examination should be prescribed.

Reference

UCSF Health. (2020). Blood differential test. Ucsfhealth.org. Web.