Compared to the rural and the city core areas, the suburbs have a majority of job creation and populace rate. The article by Southworth & Owens (1993) investigates the change in metropolitan cities by undertaking comparative case studies in the San Francisco Bay region development under three parameters: housing, neighborhood, and community. The regulations concerning city planning, large real estate interests, and market preference adoption by developers have created an urban fridge. Multiple unique urban edge growth societal patterns include the incremental infill, the speculative gridiron, loop sequences, and interrupted parallels.
The article indicates the typical growth sequences at the urban fridge involve scattered, instant, and concentric patterns. The common features of the suburban edge include diffusion, fragmentation separation, and control. The designers must motivate evolutionarily and adaptable urban forms that embrace the transitioning individual demands and tastes. The common research needs suggested are identifying the human perceptions regarding suburban places, the evaluation of interaction and movement patterns of residents, and the development of the social and physical structure of the urban fridge.
On the other hand, the book discusses two fundamental approaches to urban growth: suburban sprawl and traditional neighborhoods. In addition, Duany et al. (2010) indicate that the primary elements of sprawl are housing subdivisions, roadways, civic institutions, office parks, and shopping centers. Several policies created after the Second World War, such as veteran administration loans and federal housing programs, resulted in the development of suburban sprawl. Effective planning and zoning made sprawling a law and engendered massive growth of cities, including Barcelona, Paris, and London. The neighborhood-controlled development entails mixed land uses and densities within an interlinked street network, while sprawl involves a strict separation of terrain utilization with big roads.
References
Duany, A., Plater-Zyberk, E., & Speck, J. (2010). Suburban nation: The rise of sprawl and the decline of the American dream (10th ed.). North Point Press.
Southworth, M., & Owens, P. M. (1993). The evolving metropolis: Studies of community, neighborhood, and street form at the urban edge. Journal of the American Planning Association, 59(3), 271-287. Web.