Introduction
By engaging in sexual activity with an infected person, an individual can contract the bacterial infection syphilis. Treponema Pallidum is a spirochete bacteria that causes it. It can spread during pregnancy as well as during blood transfusions. Skin-to-skin contact is another method HPV can transmit, particularly if there are cracks in the epidermis or mucosal surfaces. An individual not already afflicted may later get the infection due to the recent sickness. Therefore the paper aims to analyze syphilis infectious disease and its aspects.
Signs and Symptoms
Syphilis can progress through three main stages if left untreated. To even more bodily issues that harm the cardiovascular and nervous systems and result in blindness. Early detection is key to treating and curing syphilis. A non-painful chancre, typically composed of one or more lesions, causes the first stage. If pregnant, the infection will occur intravaginally and be brought on by sexual activity. Both prenatal and neonatal care may be impacted by congenital transmission.
Neurological and musculoskeletal defects and fetal death will result from the mother’s neglect of the fetus. If the person neglects the canker sore in the beginning phase, it may advance to the secondary stage. At this stage, the chancre will transform into blemishes that will show up on various body parts. The bodily locations are visible on the feet, as well as the anus, the mouth, the palms, and lesions in the genitalia. Clinical signs of the maculopapular rash, such as heat, malaise, lymphadenopathy, and myalgia, are present. In the third phase, the infection will continue dormant and not show any symptoms for a while. This indicates that the disease may be fatal and result in organ damage and failure.
Pathological State That Is Detailed
Malignancies of the epidermis, bones, and liver would be these life-threading comorbidities. If liver lesions develop, they may result from the body’s inflammation of the treponemes (2018). The cardiovascular system is also affected in the tertiary stage due to an aortic aneurysm and aortic reflux (Rowe, Newberry & Jnah, 2018). More neurological complications, such as meningovascular and parenchymatous injury and neurosyphilis, are among the tertiary complications.
Medications
Furthermore, a serological test and the observation of Treponema Pallidum are laboratory results used to diagnose syphilis. When individuals with tertiary syphilis have negative serology results, the Treponema drop of agglutination test is used (Kojima & Klausner, 2018). Certain warning signs can be seen if a patient experiences a Penicillin response that results in Jarisch-Herxheimer since penicillin is utilized to cure all syphilis stages.
Individuals with syphilis require close observation of vital signs, evaluation of all physiological functions, and assessment of lab test results to spot any alterations. An individual notifies the doctor of necessary changes and continues receiving the recommended treatment as directed. Three weekly doses of antibiotics are administered if the individual is in the tertiary phase (Rowe, Newberry & Jnah, 2018). A patient is given an alternative drug, including doxycycline or tetracycline, if they are allergic to penicillin (Rowe, Newberry & Jnah, 2018). Antibiotics can be given to people in their illness’s primary, secondary, or early tertiary stages.
Impact on Oral Health
Syphilis could spread at the dentist’s office by contacting sores and patient fluids, including blood and saliva. People could also come in for care primarily because they have oral lesions.
For three weeks, the patient should receive 2.4 MU of benzathine benzylpenicillin intramuscularly (Mulder van Staden et al., 2022). Therefore, oral health professionals, such as dentists, are crucial in identifying syphilis and executing appropriate therapy for patients presenting with oral manifestations of the illness.
Conclusion
Overall, syphilis can progress through three main stages if left untreated. It can spread during pregnancy as well as during blood transfusions, skin-to-skin contact, and even through contact with mucosal surfaces. Certain warning signs can be seen if a patient experiences a Penicillin response that results in Jarisch-Herxheimer. Antibiotics can be given to individuals in their illness’s primary, secondary, or early tertiary stages. Early detection is key to treating and curing syphilis in the beginning phases.
References
Kojima, N., & Klausner, J. D. (2018). An update on the global epidemiology of syphilis. Current epidemiology reports, 5(1), 24-38.
Mulder van Staden, S., de Villiers, C., Alwan, J., Moloi, M., & Mahlangu, S. (2022). Oral Manifestations of Syphilis: Report of Four Cases. Pathogens, 11(6), 612.
Rowe, C. R., Newberry, D. M., & Jnah, A. J. (2018). Congenital Syphilis. Advances in Neonatal Care, 18(6), 438–445.