Ethical Aspects of a Study
The study was approved by an institutional review board. The ability of a study to give highly acceptable results is pegged on a researcher’s capacity to observe high ethical levels. The study by Gates, Gillespie, and Succop (2011) does not only incorporate willing participants but also highlights that participants in the study have agreed to participate. This is further supported by the fact that the study has been approved by the University Institutional board (UIB). Furthermore, it comes out clearly that great confidentiality was given to participants by conducting interviews in closed areas and protecting gathered information from other sources apart from the study’s consideration. This consideration eliminated possible fears or doubts that could make respondents fear any form of victimization from the information they revealed.
There is great effort throughout the study to link any external idea or consideration that authors employed in their study. By crediting the sources of key information, authors adhered to academic procedures not using vulnerable subjects, and made it possible to generate new ideologies in the field. In the last paragraph, the author puts some very important remarks that broaden how subjects could obtain and relate the results to society. The author does not outline the ethical considerations made during the study such as confidentiality and anonymity. Vulnerable subjects were used. Out of the randomly sampled population, 230 participants who returned their surveys were vulnerable to workplace violence.
Problem Statements, Purpose Statements, and Research Questions
Subjects might have been compelled to play the role of respondents since the survey turnout was very low. 8.8% of the participants returned the questionnaires while the rest declined. The study problem area and relation with other studies are brought out effectively in the introduction. Both the hypothesis and previous studies are evaluated to indicate the importance of this study in society. The introduction is used to cite possible gaps in other research that were conducted previously. For instance, the article indicates that previous research only focused on smaller and most vulnerable groups while few of them sought to explore the positive implications.
As indicated earlier, the study purpose is oriented toward understanding violence against nurses and how this affects their productivity. It seeks to establish mechanisms that can be used to address the problem. The researcher applies both qualitative and quantitative methods in a complementary manner that boosts the acceptability of the result findings. Importantly, study variables and nurses of diverse populations, races, gender, and work environment are used to collect primary data. Descriptive research, empirical data, and ethical considerations are used to augment a better understanding of the actual situation, compare them with other regions, and aid in linking the expected outcome of implementing the different recommendations.
At this point, this study comes out as significant to nurses. Its understanding is very crucial to not only comprehend their current position but also to effectively propose the methods that are compatible with the mode of governance and better workplace setting. To further ensure that the study is in line with the main objectives and is feasible, the researcher takes a more particularistic approach where the focus is particularly given to reducing violence to enhance productivity.
Yes, it is possible to decide on whether the study was either quantitative or qualitative. One can determine the method of study by examining the method used to obtain data. In this case, questionnaires were used widely hence it’s a quantitative study.
Decisions can also be made regarding empirical data. The researcher restrained the questions on the topic of interest even though little information was obtained against the expectations. The study was not ethical and probably attributed to poor participation by the respondents
the feasibility of the study is not evident. The limitations faced as outlined indicate that the study was not feasible. Besides, the significance of the study appears apparent and probably that is the reason why only a few nurses participated in the survey.
Literature Review
The literature review in the article by Gates, Gillespie, and Succop (2011) strongly supports the study. It is effectively derived from the review of the necessary literature. From the introduction section, previous researchers’ reports and publications on the topic and related subjects were effectively reviewed and appraised to promote a better understanding of the problem and therefore enhance further acceptability of the results and discussion. In style, though the article lacks a section named “literature review”, the authors articulated previous works, cited them correctly, and ensured their considerations throughout the study. Moreover, the review meets the philosophical underpinning, supports the theory and objective of the research as it helps in further understanding the problem, discussing the findings, and even drawing conclusions.
The literature review is comprehensive since the author refers to previous studies conducted in different places by other scholars. The researcher is on-to-the-point and can adequately discuss previous observations relating them to current occurrences.
The flow of the literature in this article is logical and thus serves the purpose of the study. The sources are relevant to the study topic and recent thus the content is not outdated. Besides, the article cites numerous peer-reviewed articles. However, the researcher does not critique their arguments. Mostly, current sources are widely used in this study as opposed to ancient ones. There are more than enough direct or paraphrased quotes.
In this case, the researcher largely presents the supporting theory. However, the supporting theory is not distinctly stated hence one can only identify it from the researcher’s argument. There is no opposing theory presented.
There are primary and secondary sources of information used in this study. For instance, surveys provided the researcher with primary data whereas peer-reviewed articles provided the author with primary data. All the sources in the reference list have been cited in the article. The references appear correct and are free from citation errors.
Study Framework
Notably, this paper lacks a holistic theoretical framework which is very crucial for understanding the relationship between the different aspects. It comes out as a cross-sectional study. It does not elaborate on how violence causes stress and affects productivity. Even though the concepts are brought out, it fails to provide a clear framework. The propositional statement and study hypothesis do not bring out the relationship between the major variables and the main objectives. While the researcher relates the study to theoretical concepts and study framework, it does not come out strongly. The effect of this can be misinterpretations of the article by the different readers. Implementation of the recommendations also becomes hard as the readers are unable to connect theoretically between the cause and the consequences.
Hypotheses and Research Questions
This section forms the initial part of the article and gives an overview of the whole study and the results that were achieved. The hypothesis of the study notes that violent events among nurse practitioners result in stress and low productivity is clearly outlined. This hypothesis remains the guiding baseline throughout the whole study. It is further utilized by the author to emphasize the study framework. The study hypothesis and relation with the framework are further brought out effectively in the introduction. It contains more than one variable and is empirically tested.
Quantitative Research Designs
Analysis of the study is identified as quantitative and descriptive which were conducted using standardized methods. Data saturation is achieved and strongly aided in concluding. Data collection was done through questionnaires and interview schedules conducted to nurse practitioners, women identified by the sample. This primary method was essential in promoting the viability and acceptability of the study. It tests the study hypothesis. Though the article does not give particular information on how experimental design was achieved, the procedure of the process involved identification of the sample, ethical consideration, and an effective analytical method. This controlled extraneous variables. The level of validity was very high and easily identifiable.
Qualitative Designs
The research adopts a qualitative approach based on the use of a qualitative case study. It aims at understanding the experiences of nurses affected by violent events. As such, interviews are used as an approach to gathering data. Through this approach, the study gets its perceived importance, and data is presented. Participant observations and qualitative interviews were used. Findings and future suggestions in the study obtained after analyzing experiences include i) Nurses can adapt following their experiences. This comes after developing strategies
- They faced various barriers in their workplace activities
- Their productivity is lowered after being exposed to violent events.
Reference
Gates, D. M., Gillespie, G. L., & Succop, P. (2011). Violence against nurses and its impact on stress and productivity. Nursing Economics, 29(2), 59-66.