Introduction
Scientists have always tried to come up with a theory that explains aging and so far there are several theories reached. Some theories states that aging process is natural and therefore from birth the body is programmed while other theories suggests that aging results from accumulation of damage over a long period of time. Analysis of such theories leads to a conclusion that the process of aging is a product of interaction between genetic, chemistry of chemical reactions in the body over time and physiology as well as ones behavior and attitude. (Rattan, 2004)
Why we age
The wear and tear theory of aging
This theory claims that the cause of aging is environmental damage to the body system accumulating over time. The damage is caused by either external physical factors or internal damage both of which results to “tear and wear” of the body cells. It is these results of the damage; wear and tear involving cells and tissues which finally kills the body. When cellular molecules are damaged, the effects accumulate over time but these effects are minimized by the DNA which is responsible in manufacturing of the genes.
However, the body may not be very accurate in eliminating all these effects. Some of the ways in which the tear and wear come about is the chemicals that are used to tone the skin some of which are irritating and painful including the chemicals that are used in laundry that reacts with the skin (Jackson, 2005)
Aging due to “free radicals” in the body
Free radicals are molecules with charges caused by free electrons in them. The electron gives the molecule an ability of reacting with other highly volatile molecules resulting to destruction. In normal situations, it is healthy for the body to have the electrical charges imbalance to allow chemical processes to take place but it also has side effects. The imbalance results in the free radical combining with other molecules in effort of obtaining an electron to match with so as to gain electrical equilibrium. In the process of the break up of the paired electrons a lot of damage is caused to the body.
The damage caused by the free radical starts at birth and proceeds until death. At youth stage, its effect is minor because the body’s mechanism to replace damaged cells is extensive but with age the effects accumulate. Free radicals can also damage collagen as well as gelatin which are responsible in moistening the skin and smoothing it making it flexible and also elastic. Long-term free radical damage makes the soft tissues fray resulting to folds as well as deep cut wrinkles especially in the face. (Ben, 2004)
Anti-aging strategies/solutions for the skin
Great extent of the wrinkles that appear on a person’s skin can be avoided by screening the skin from the sun using special creams such as SPF 15. Sunglasses are also recommended because they prevent direct UV light from reaching eyes causing them to squint severally. It is the squinting which is a greater contributing factor to the wrinkles around the eyes. Another habit that find people unaware is supporting the cheek with one or both hands when sited or even standing as well as brow frowning as this also cause wrinkles on the cheek. People are advised to adopt the right facial expressions for all the years of their life.
For a better skin one should not smoke and if he/she must smoke, it must be very limited as it causes lines near the lips due to regular opening of the mouth. Cigarettes are also known to contain poisonous substances like carbon (II) oxide which also reduces the amount of oxygen available for the skin. The skin and the face look attractive when it is soft and therefore moisturizers like balms and also eye shadows give a lot of improvement.
Cosmetics that contain preservatives have also been known to increase wrinkles on the skin. Such cosmetics include Botox which contains poisonous ingredients especially when they are used on high doses. Even when they are used on small doses, long term use damages the skin. Therefore it is recommended that people use alternatives products that have the same value and causes no risks or pain when being used. (Rattan, 2004)
It is advisable for an individual to identify the problem of his/her skin at the early stages and this can be done using simple screening exams so that one can take the precautionary measures. It is easier to prevent skin damage than to treat the already damaged skin. It is also recommended for one to engage in regular exercise as this makes the skin healthier and also to look young along with excessive weight reduction in spite of the fact that, most cases of overweight largely depends on what an individual takes in as food.
Reduction on the exposure to chemicals such as herbicides and other cleaning products used as households also plays a great role in preventing ones skin from damage and individuals who are on regular use of such detergents are advised to be informed of such chemicals in their immediate environment. Some strong detergents as well as antibacterial soaps are known to react with skin and therefore where possible one should use natural cleansers. (Marshall, 2003)
Hydrotherapy comprising of hot and cold water being alternated during bathing is also known to tone the skin as well as promoting good flow of oxygen through the blood. Hot water when it gets into contact with the skin helps in eliminating the toxic substances and if this is followed by a cold bath, the pores of the skin tighten and the end results are a smooth and a firm skin. The remedy however is unsuitable for expectant mothers or people with hypertension as it can worsen their conditions. (Jackson, 2005)
It is recommended to include in the diet antioxidants to reduce the harmful effects caused by oxidation during the normal breathing. Research shows that oxygen molecules that we breathe in are themselves free radicals and contribute to the aging process. Examples of antioxidants are vitamins C which are found in citrus fruits and green vegetables as well as berries. Vitamin E which is informs of supplements and also found in fortified cereals, vegetable oils and fish oil is another antioxidant. Scavenger is another substance that can control free-radicals by making them harmless before they attach to other molecules. Most vitamins also combat aging through the same mechanism. (Pander, 2003)
The process of aging can also be decreased by cutting down on the amount of irritants in the diet that are known to cause inflammation. Inflammation results from the reaction of the body when it is invaded or in presence of an irritant. A person is advised to reduce or eliminate irritants such as sugar in the diet and only consume healthy fats and ensure adequate sleep enough. One should have controlled consumption of alcohol because it contains toxic compounds which produce free radicals. Although red wine is itself an antioxidant it is recommended on moderation because there is no proof that the benefits outweigh the side effects. (Kenyon, 2000)
During food preparation high temperatures can break down the fat and produce free radicals especially in roasting of nut for commercial production where some oils that are heat sensitive breaks down and produces free radical. This is also common in grilled meat where it can be minimized through slow cooking and applying rosemary which is an antioxidant on the meat ahead of grilling to counteract free radicals resulting from high temperatures. (Jackson, 2005)
Conclusion
Aging is inevitable and is the course of life but it can either be accelerated or fought against through ant-aging strategies. Whichever the strategy is employed it should be directed towards three objectives: the outlook of ones body and the interior of the body as well as the mind. The skin has to be cleansed, toned and moisturized at least twice a day. A scrub gel is recommended once in fortnight. Direct sunlight and smoking should also be avoided as one ensures a balanced diet to control the weight.
Regular exercise should also be observed either by going to gym or just a regular walk and drink a lot of water to help in elimination of toxin while one observe enough sleep. Because stress has also been known to accelerate the aging process, human beings are advised to have a positive mind regarding the life experiences they are undergoing. The diet should also include a lot of antioxidant vitamins most of which are found in the natural vegetables and fruits which are locally available. If natural antioxidants are not available the person can also rely on the manufactured ones.
References
Rattan s. (2004): Mechanism of aging and development: Elsevier. Web.
Marshall B. (2003): lifestyle and ethics of aging well: Elsevier. Web.
Jackson J. (2005): Minorities and aging: Wadsworth publishing company. Web.
Freeman J. (2002): Aging, its history and literature: Human science press.
Ben S. (2004): The “anti-aging” remedy: Park avenue New York.
Pander M. (2003):Anti-aging Agents: Wiley.
Kenyon L. (2000): “Genetic pathways that regulate aging in model organisms”: university of Chicago press.