Summary
Titration is a method of chemical characterization in which the proportion of a material’s ingredient is evaluated by introducing a definite amount of another compound (Fitriani et al., 2019). The component reacts to the recorded sample with the intended element in a predetermined ratio. Typically, the procedure involves the gradual addition of a known concentration, such as a solution of known concentration, titrating solution, or titrant (Seager et al., 2021). Titration aims to determine the equivalence state, the reference at which appropriate amounts of chemical components are combined. At the equivalence point of a titration, the same quantity of titrant is added to the mixture (Seager et al., 2021). Titration studies are conducted to quantify the amount of an unidentified element in the sample using a methodological approach.
Instrumentation
Burette, pipette, often 10ml, 25ml, and 50ml, glass beakers, measurement cylinder, burette clamp, and funnels are the key instruments or equipment used for titration. Burette quantifies the amount of liquid or gas in quantitative chemistry. It is a graded tubular structure with a shutoff valve, rotary plug, or faucet at one end. A pipette is used to precisely determine a predetermined amount of liquid and is topped to a line on the topmost thin portion of the tube using a pipette filler (Patra et al., 2020). Beakers are helpful containers for chemical reactions or holding solid or liquid samples. Volume measurement is the primary function of measuring cylinders, and they are constructed and standardized correspondingly (c111bsu, 2017). A burette stand aims to place and stabilize a burette on a stand, providing convenience for the experimentation.
Chemicals and Procedures
The required chemicals are 0.1M NaOH (Sodium Hydroxide), vinegar, Phenolphthalein, and distilled water. NaOH, sometimes referred to as caustic soda, is a corrosive metallic solution. Caustic, alkaline soda is utilized in various sectors, primarily as a robust oxidizing substrate in the production of paper, fabrics, drinking water, and cleansers. NaOH is often used in acid-base standard solutions due to its strength and low cost. In addition, if the unknown compound liquid is acidic, NaOH is employed in titration since bases are utilized to counteract acids (Patra et al., 2020). There are very few dissolved elements in distilled water that could compromise titration. Phenolphthalein is a carboxylic compound that is weak, and its structure (HPh) is colorless; however, its ion (Ph) is pink (Patra et al., 2020). As a biomarker in acid-base analysis, Phenolphthalein is utilized. As the proportion of OH ions rises somewhat, the colorless remedy becomes pink, indicating its culmination.
Observations and Expectations
The solution that was contained within the beaker was colorless at the beginning of the titration process. At the endpoint, when the NaOH was administered, a color change to a light pink could be seen (c111bsu, 2017). Thus, this is a consequence of the reaction that takes place between NaOH and phenolphthalein. As an acid-base diagnostic, phenolphthalein is a useful chemical. It loses its color when placed in an acid medium, while when placed in basic mixtures, it turns pink (c111bsu, 2017). When the moles of vinegar acid in the solution is equal to the concentration of sodium hydroxide in the solvent, the solution changes to pink (c111bsu, 2017). c111bsu (2017) enumerates that the point where the mixture turns pink is known as the equivalency limit. When an excessive amount of phenolphthalein is added, the hue changes to bright pink.
References
c111bsu. (2017). Titration of sulfuric acid. [Video]. YouTube.
Fitriani, E., Paristiowati, M., & Mukarromatunnisa, B. (2019). Titration pre-lab demonstration videos in basic chemistry laboratory activity: Design and development. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1402(5), 1-7.
Patra, J. K., Das, G., Das, S. K., & Thatoi, H. (2020). General guidelines of laboratory safety, calculations used in laboratory experiments, and basic laboratory glassware and instruments. In A Practical Guide to Environmental Biotechnology (pp. 1-35). Springer.
Seager, S. L., Slabaugh, M. R., & Hansen, M. S. (2021). Chemistry for today: General, organic, and biochemistry. Cengage Learning.