One of the most critical topics in microbe-human interaction concerns microbial reservoirs since they inform one about the various places pathogens can be found. Generally speaking, people, other species, and environmental elements are the groups of reservoirs (Anderson et al., 2020). Pathogens with human repositories, as a rule, adhere solely to body tissue. These organisms have evolved to withstand the temperature and nutrition in the internal organs of their hosts (Anderson et al., 2020). Other pathogens live predominantly in natural environments such as the ground and waterways. These adaptable pathogens may thrive in various settings and can penetrate and induce disease in people (Anderson et al., 2020). Finally, zoonosis occurs when an animal serves as the principal reservoir for a pathogen. Animal infections can frequently be passed to people and inflict sickness.
The other significant topic concerns the mechanisms human bodies have as a first layer of protection. As such, microbes must avoid areas where the host’s immune responses can swiftly target and eliminate them in order to cause illness. Circulating antibodies that target microorganisms for eradication by immune cells and that destroy cellular microbes are examples of host defense mechanisms (Anderson et al., 2020). To circumvent these protections, bacteria frequently infect the epithelial layer without first injuring the underlying tissues where blood and lymph arteries are located. Next, the inflammatory process causes vasodilation and increased capillary vulnerability. These allow innate immunity components to transport to injured tissue and eliminate microbial intruders swiftly.
Finally, the concept of pathogenicity concerns the topic of microbial infection. Namely, pathogenicity is a term that means a pathogen’s ability to induce illness in its host (Anderson et al., 2020). In fact, transferring a pathogenic microorganism to a host organism is not enough for a germ to produce illness. Both human and microbial variables determine whether or whether an infection causes disease. Thus, the interplay of a plethora of both host and pathogenic variables determines the pathogenicity of the bacterium.
Reference List
Anderson, R. P., Young, L., & Finer, K. R. (2020). Visualizing Microbiology: A Healthy Perspective. Wiley.