There is an interdependent relationship between costs incurred and the accrued benefits under the spectrum of net zero emissions policies and strategies. An excellent demonstration is the implementation of sustainable measures across different nations in an initiative that significantly reduce carbon footprint. The increase in the human population fostered intensification in the exploitation of renewable and non-renewable resources. Deforestation and pollution are costs profoundly contributing to the elevated levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere that reacts with the ozone layer causing a depletion of its aesthetic value. Apart from compromising the ozone layer, the chemical compound forms an atmospheric cover that renders hot climate causing global warming. Incorporating rehabilitative practices within the sociological and economic activities domain fosters prominent recovery benefit under dynamic approaches and overviews. The costs and benefits to society in actualizing sustainable development goals involve altering non-renewable to renewable resource utilization and changing people’s behavior and perception.
Costs and Benefits Analysis to Society
The implication of costs and benefits to attain net zero carbon emission is an initiative encompassing distinctive costs and benefits. One of the costs is the implementation of the principles of environmental law encompassing dynamic issues that control the balance between human activities and nature’s aesthetic importance. The integral cost values that constitute the guidelines include waste management, food production, water reserves, the remediation and control of pollution rates, the protection of animals and plants, construction and emission activities, and mining (“Sustainability: EMBA Business and Society”, n.d). The frameworks aptly contribute to the accrued benefits of a healthy living surrounding within the global society.
Management of Waste
The management of waste is a cost-benefit overview that significantly impacts the concept of principles of environmental laws. Debris is the unwanted components from used items that pose a significant risk to the aesthetic value to both the environment and human health. Effluvia exist in three different forms including air, noise, and solid rummage. The researchers postulate that poor disposal of scraps in either form increases its hazardous effect on the local community and the environment as the costly factor (Wang et al., 2018). An excellent example is the poor offal control detected in Campania, Italy, which led in the news media. The researchers utilize the example to indicate the significance of chuff management across the globe (Wang et al., 2018). In a different spectrum, detritus handling is a critical feature in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), with at least twelve principles addressing the environmental risk factor to enhance the beneficial effect. The implementation of the SDG is a cost incurred by various institutions with the aim of reversing negative effects of human activities.
The Sustainable Development Goals is a multifaceted ideology of governance that entails the core values of human health and environment protection. The central values of Sustainable Development Goals enshrine human health, the protection of nature, and the enhancement of the value of resources (“Sustainability: EMBA Business and Society”, n.d). In this case, waste management becomes one of the development initiatives in international governance that reflects as the main benefit attained among people and nature. The practice is a dominant cost-benefit factor in growth since it shields settlements from poor sanitation and the spread of diseases. Rodic and Wilson (2017) depict that urbanization rendered the migration of individuals to city centres seeking employment opportunities. As a result, the municipal areas became congested and vulnerable to pollution from intense human activities. Therefore, the effective implementation of the action plan promotes public health and environmental protection from the evolutionary trend. Debris control is a vital factor that defines the concept of principles of natural resource exploitation through the spectrum of sustainable growth and development.
The Production of Food
The production of food is a mainframe that adeptly features as a cost incurred to satisfy people. One of the primary needs of human beings is food as the building block of the body. Therefore, the growth in global population demands increased food production as a key cost to the environment. A different cost is the processing of comestibles as a human activity poses a significant risk to the aesthetic value of the environment, due to intensified farming that compromises biodiversity. One of the essential focuses of the law is a clear definition of sustainable tilling of land, harvesting, storage, and packaging (Hogeboom et al., 2018). Agricultural practices adversely affect nature, such as the use of fertilizers. Fertilizers contain a blend of chemicals in different percentages leading to the accumulation of the compounds in the soil causing significant pollution. The multi-dynamic essence of food production is an interdependent variable to the principles of environmental law. The main benefit from food production involves integration of technology in the process to elevate the scaling of natural resources with minimal compromise of aesthetic value.
The advancement of technology introduces a phenomenal factor in the food production industry that intensifies the accrued benefit to people and the respective environment. Computerization enhances the balance between the environment and processing of edibles as a human activity. Essentially, the automation framework boosts provision of comestible regulations through different approaches. These aspects include economic, information-oriented, capacity-building, and directly infused control and command techniques (Sachs et al., 2021). The distinctive ideologies adeptly, such as capacity-building influence the impact of food production to the aesthetic value of nature under the mainframe of the established exploitation-based principles. Primarily, the processing of edibles incorporates insight into the concept of environmental law through the evolutionary trend on human activities and mitigation measures.
The Protection of the Water Reserves
The cost of the global water reservoir footprint entails extraction of resources for human consumption despite the increasing populace. A significant percentage of water footprint is utilized for industrial, residential, or electricity generation as the cost incurred. Safeguarding of water reservoirs is an essential element in the principles of environmental law due to the vast reliance on water for human existence. As a source of energy through hydroelectricity, it is a phenomenon that faces overexploitation due to the increased intensity of human activities (Sachs et al., 2021). One of the countries facing controversy in energy utilization is China due to its expansive population. A discussion of the overutilization of the water reservoirs as a source of energy poses the vital significance of the definition of the concept of the regulatory mainframe.
Over extraction of energy is a profound cost to the nature since it is a non-renewable resource hence the importance of establish core strategies to elevate accrued benefits for the environment and people. The rebound effect on energy consumption in China is a multifaceted phenomenon that profoundly relies on certain dynamic elements. The level of household energy utilization varies from one province to another, due to infrastructural development. Further, the difference in the quotient depends on the direct and indirect aspects. On the one hand, uninterrupted energy use refers to exploitation of non-renewable entities by various means such as, electricity and fossil fuels (Sachs et al., 2021). On the other hand, the indirect consumption of energy regards the facilitation of transport, production, and the disposal of materials. Increased energy production incurs optimal cost to the environment due to the depletion of its aesthetic value. However, the benefit entails significant growth and development that fosters emergence of tools for sustainable promotion initiative.
The rebound effect poses a significant danger to implementing sustainable approaches in China’s energy consumption as a costly venture. Wang et al. (2018) researched the impact of the rebound effect on household energy consumption and established that it posed a different level of influence based on distinct Chinese regions. In an attempt to show the impact relatively at direct and indirect aspects, the researchers noticed that cities in the Eastern and Western showed a significant rebound effect. On average, the total direct rebound marked 17.01%, with the ordinary weighted marking at 16.86% (Wang et al., 2018). The average indirect rebound effect was 57.88%, while the weighted average hit 57.21% (Wang et al., 2018). Further, the total percentage of direct and indirect rebound effects indicated 74.89% despite some cities showing significant individual overall proportion. The use of non-renewable natural resources for energy production is a benefit to people while fostering a cost based on establishing alternative sources of energy to preserve the limited elements.
Ideally, the rebound effect is a profound aspect demonstrating outcome caused by cost-benefit analysis. Some of the towns that posed an imminent backfire ideology engulfed the province of Qinghai (184.03%), Guizhou (114.26%), Gansu (111.56%), and Beijing (104.05%) (Wang et al., 2018). These provinces are highly developed with a higher population density in China hence the tremendous impact of energy efficiency and rebound effect. On the other hand, the provinces that marked the lowest average rebound effect include Hubei (39.88%), Shaanxi (42.42%), and Liaoning (43.14%) (Wang et al., 2018). Additionally, these provinces feature as one of the least developed and populated in China, hence the rebound effect’s lesser impact. The researcher establishes that structural rebound vulnerability highly determines the implementation policies regarding the energy efficiency strategy. Inherently, provinces with a lower value of the structural rebound vulnerability pose a great opportunity of implementing sustainable energy policies than those with a higher value. The profound energy consumption in China is a perfect example of the importance of promoting principles of environmental law.
The Control of Pollution and the Remediation
Pollution exists in different forms and is mainly associated with waste management as a costly venture to the environment and people’s health index. However, it is an independent factor that also contributes to the principles of environmental law. Contamination control mechanism entails incorporating rules and regulations that promote the balance between the exploitation of natural resources and the optimal utilization in the environment as the optimal cost. In a different spectrum, nature’s deterioration owes to deforestation, emission of toxic gases from industries, poor handling of chemical disposals (Tomislav, 2018). These elements contribute to global climate change due to the negative impact on the aesthetic value of the environment.
The interdependent relationship between pollution and environmental law is an ideology that highly depends on the effectiveness of the governance system and realization of profound accrued benefits. Politics played a role in the emergence of overexploitation of natural resources due to the administration’s lack of defining the various zones of human settlement as the major benefit. After the Second World War, institutions focused on increasing the production of goods to enhance economic growth and compensate for the loss incurred during the war (Tomislav, 2018). It is also a period that technological advancement intensified as an empowerment tool. Politics became the determinant element to the fortitude of biodiversity protection, but a large number of the leaders focused on the essence of power. Ideally, majority of the principals abandoned the environmental protection acts and allowed the exploitation of natural resources. An excellent example is the overfishing done by the Japanese government to satisfy the population with an adequate supply of seafood and maximize the exportation business. In essence, the politics within the Japanese executive team enhanced overexploitation of marine life to boost the country’s economic growth hence rendering the concept of environmental profanation.
In a different scenario, the international relations and conventions sought to establish the short-term and long-term concept of protecting the environment to elevate the benefits attained from natural resources. These initiatives engulfed the primary goal of resilience during the extraction of renewable and non-renewable elements. Although nations managed to determine specific regulations that enhance sustainability practice, such as the cap of CO2 emission, dumping of waste in water bodies, some countries forged records to earn the green initiative position as the cost. In a survey conducted, the researchers established that some states form records through political ideals to achieve the primary goal of profitability. An excellent example is the dumping of debris that alters pristine state of nature. The spill of litter is a costly venture; therefore, some governments focus on invoking political attitudes across other countries to sign off a deal in providing a dumping site (Cole & Snider, 2019). As a result, politics become an emblem of the malpractice of unsustainability, with environmental racism being experienced in the receiver country.
In essence, the implementation of sustainability ideals is a significant issue facing the global institutions under the mainframe of capitalism to boost accrued benefits. Another excellent example involves the adherence by the automobile companies in the cap rule of CO2 emission (Cole & Snider, 2019). Although the companies appreciate the initiative by the United Nations concerning sustainability, some of the conditions render extra expense to the production by the corporation. In this case, the automobile companies focused on incorporating technological advancements to increase the efficiency level of cars. It is an adaptation that contributed to adherence of the law without the stake of politics.
Costs and Benefits Analysis in Corporates: Saudi Telecom Company
Saudi Telecom Company aptly incurs costs from the implementation of sustainable initiatives to amplify benefits to the environment and people. The Saudi Telecom Company is one of the leading telecommunication service providers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It is an international organization that has invested in different business practices across other countries such as America, South Africa, and Malaysia. The aim of attaining a competitive market position focused on integrating the technological advancements and emerging trends of internet service needs to profitability and boost customer satisfaction and experience (Mohamed, 2018). Apart from market expansion, the corporate implemented dynamic sustainable practices to boost its affiliation status with the global green initiative under the spectrum of cost-benefit analysis.
The firm incorporated sustainability practices in the working environment through different methods. One of the sustainable approaches is designing the offices with LEED certification (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design). The designs offer spectacular office space that enables the employees to interact with the environment’s phenomenal beauty, such as natural lighting. Additionally, the company focuses on developing green spaces such as planting trees and nature trails that complement the natural beauty and biodiversity (Mohamed, 2018). In this case, the business advocates for the urban areas to create green spaces thus increasing natural biodiversity as the core benefit.
The enterprise highly supports the limited use of paper in the offices since it is a non-renewable resource and excessive usage demands intensified cutting of trees. Deforestation significantly impacts the survival rate of plants and animal biodiversity. In essence, paper production is a consumptive practice that contributes to the optimal exploitation of nature’s components. In this case, the company advocates for sustainability under the mainframe of reduced scale in the utilization of the office element reflecting the profound cost. Saudi Telecom Company also abolished single-purpose plastics and promoted the recycling of materials (Mohamed, 2018). It is an approach that reduces the amount of waste to the environment from garbage disposal.
The establishment has significantly invested in sustainable activities despite the costs incurred to emerge as a sustainable energy leader in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The global recognition as an organization that profoundly integrates its activities with sustainable concepts offers it the opportunity for public relations with the global consumer market. As a result, the firm receives an array of institutions and clients’ requests as mergers and partnerships as affiliate members to the green initiative flag (Bradford et al., 2017). Therefore, the incorporation of the sustainability risks by Saudi Telecom Company rendered a significant boost in its competence as a niche sustainability flag bearer in the telecommunication industry.
Costs and Benefits Analysis in Manufacturing Industry
Overproduction of gasoline cars fostered extensive exploitation of oil that is a non-renewable natural resource rendering optimal cost to the environment. There is a necessity to steer the replacement process from gasoline to electric cars due to the trickle-down effect of the current unsustainable practices. Over the years, gasoline cars’ mass production and manufacturing demand intensified fossil fuel exploitation as non-renewable energy globally. The approach initially posed efficiency due to the minimal presence of the automotive but proved a threat to nature’s aesthetic value after an increased production scale internationally (Hertwich et al., 2019). The resolution to manufacture electric cars fostered the optimal exploitation of renewable energy. Although electric vehicles can replace gasoline automobiles, it is challenging within the short term due to the costs of production and installation of the charging stations and the disposal of the large volumes of gasoline motors.
One of the main attributable factors that pose electric cars as the vital replacement option is sustainability that is a major benefit to the environment and the society. Research indicates that the market penetration of electric vehicles faces different controversial outlooks from other nations (Gnann et al., 2018). According to Gnaan et al. (2018), the Americans show concern regarding the purchasing price and the operational cost while the Germans focus on the charging infrastructure and energy prices. Electric cars demand optimal investment from the organization and the buyers due to the limited infrastructure supporting the system. In one aspect, the electric vehicle provides a sustainable solution to the overexploitation of fossil fuel as a non-renewable natural resource. On the other hand, the purchasing price of the automobile is higher in addition to the demand for charger installation in the residential areas.
The corporations producing electric cars seek dynamic alternatives towards cost efficiency by developing autonomous systems to boost efficiency. Gnann et al. (2018) stipulate an improvement in cost efficiency by incorporating plug-in hybrid and battery electric vehicles. The plug-in hybrid electric car is a modification to the battery-electric based on the enhancement of the automobile on consumption and the mileage difference. In this case, the plug-in hybrid encapsulates a fully charged battery and can be recharged from the charging station and recharged by an internally based combustion of an engine-powered generator. Essentially, the concept seeks to enhance the longevity of distance before a recharge for the car than a battery-electric locomotive. The progressive state of the invention indicates the inadequacy for a short-term replacement of the gasoline car due to the evolutionary improvement of the electric vehicles. The gradual changes in the functioning of the car render the importance of enhancing reduced costs on purchasing and the installation.
Conclusion
Consequently, there is a significantly high cost and benefit incurred during the implementation of sustainable strategies reducing carbon footprint globally. The increase in human population fostered intensification in exploitation of natural resources. Afforestation is one of the cheapest approaches contributing to rehabilitative process of the environment. However, other factors pose profound costs in the implementation of the overview, such as use of electric cars. It is essential for stakeholders internationally to integrate practices under short- and long-term mainframes to boost efficacy of the Sustainable Development Goals.
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