Introduction
Chinese history took a major turn after the 1911 Xinhai revolution. With the abduction of Emperor Puyi, it ended. But then the subjugation of the Chinese territories and business by the west continued to exist. After the First World War and the Treaty of Versailles when the country did not get its due, the events culminated in the Shandong problem. The May 4 movement which is also referred to as the Shandong Problem, though started as a struggle by the students at the Tiananmen Square, soon spread to over 20 provinces and over one hundred cities of China. This also saw the birth of the communist party with the loss of interest in Confucianism as the one that might deliver results to the country.
The Chinese Communist Party
One of the major reasons for the growth of communism in China seems to have stemmed from the inspiration that Sun Yat-Sen had with the anti-imperial stand that the Russians took. However, there were lots of differences in the thought process since he did not believe in Marxism. Instead, his confidence in Confucianism continued for some more time till it was overthrown later during the May 4 movement. Sun Yat Sen’s movement was based on his three principles: nationalism among the Chinese primarily dictating that the Chinese should rule the Chinese. Secondly, the Government should be a democratic government and finally, there should be equality of wealth distribution. This appealed to the people and was later adopted by the communist party once the Kuomintang started growing in its stature and became the communist part of China. Sun Yat-Sen was inspired by Russian thought and action. Though a great admirer of the Russian revolution of 1917, he also felt that ‘there do not exist conditions for the successful establishment of Communism or Sovietism in China’. However, he adopted soviet methods and even received training from soviet military advisers and reorganized Kuomintang more in line with the communist party of Russia. With China not being under the control of one country or a colony of one country, instead, it was being controlled by a number of countries or it is being a colony of more than one country or a hypo-colony. After the death of Sun Yat-Sen, the direction took more towards communism with Chiang Kai-shek already trained under the Russians moved steadily towards communism and communistic principles.
Nationalism after May 4 Movement
After May 4 movement, nationalism was guided by the three principles laid down by Sun Yat Sun on one side and was greatly influenced by the communism in Russia. With the imperialism of the United States and the rest of the world deceiving the Chinese, they were left with little option to move forward. The new leaders who took over the reins of administration in China had to put down the violence that was spreading across the country. They also had to ensure that the basic development that had not happened started to happen. During the Sino-Japanese war both the warring factions of the Chinese, the Chinese Communist Party, and the Nationalist Party fought together till about the end of the Second World War. Go North to fight the Japanese was a common slogan said in China during this period. However, after the War, the power of the Red Army had grown to throw aside the Kuomintang and to take over the main land of China driving them away to Taiwan. Land to the Tiller was first brought in by Sun Yat Sun which was later adopted by the communist party of China. The Long March through the rocks and hills of China and against the ethnic and the nationalist forces, the communist Red Army has strengthened itself. It also had brought up leaders who were at the helm for the next forty years of Chinese history.
Chinese growth after 1949
After 1949, the Chinese growth was powered by the top leaders of the Red Army which have become the communist party. This has led them to identify threats to peace and prosperity. This was also accompanied by the large-scale richness is greatness motto among the people. Zhou En Lai and Mao Tse Tung were considered the two main leaders who led China from the front. While Mao advocated guerilla warfare which they resoundingly used against the Japanese, the rest of the command did not want to employ it and even fought with the Nationalist army head-on for three years. After finding it a failure, they again adopted guerilla warfare to defend themselves and to win the war finally. With the end of the Chinese Civil War in 1949, the Great Leap was spearheaded by Mao only to hit a failure. Deng Xio Peng wrested control from him for bringing about major changes in the economic policies of the country by bringing in the open market socialism which was not the one propounded by the Gang of Four.
Conclusion
China with the open market socialism has made tremendous progress on the economic front; has fought down the cultural conquering of Russia and has also led to the separation of China and Russia. There has been a long-lasting growth that was pushed into position by the Chinese administration and this has led to the strong economic resurgence in the latter half of the twentieth century.