International System Portrayal
The international system is the collection of independent states and other entities that interact with one another. The authors present his ideologies on the international systems and also give the reason why there are differences in the different centuries. Globalization, technology, and growth in population are some of the reasons for the changes. These factors also come with negative impacts, such as terrorism, that the United States, through its presidents, have opposed. The international system is one way of attaining unity, while globalization, population growth, and technological advancement are the factors differentiating centuries.
According to the book “U.S. Army War College Guide to National Security Issues,” the author portrays the international system in this century as one where great power competition has reemerged. In this system, countries are constantly vying for position and advantage against their rivals, and national security is more important than ever. This competitive atmosphere can be seen in a variety of areas, such as economic development, military strength, and political influence (Bartholomees, 2008). The author argues that in order to survive and thrive in this environment, nations must have a clear understanding of the challenges and opportunities that exist on the global stage.
Additionally, the author portrays the international system as one that is constantly shifting and evolving. He holds that the twenty-first-century international system would be subject to continual change and upheaval. The book elaborates that the change will be driven by several factors, including globalization, technology, and population growth (Bartholomees, 2008). Based on this information, it is clear that the author believes that the international system is going to experience a lot of change in the coming years.
20th Century and Earlier Centuries Extent Differences
There has been a bigger extent of difference between the 20th century and the earlier centuries, which has been brought about by technology, globalization, and population growth. The international system has changed dramatically since the 20th century, and in some respects, it is fundamentally different from the system that existed in centuries past (Bartholomees, 2008). One of the key drivers of this change has been technological advancement. Technology has differentiated the 20th century from earlier centuries in a few ways. First, technology has allowed for unprecedented levels of communication and collaboration between people around the world. For example, the internet has made it possible for people to communicate and collaborate instantaneously, regardless of location. Additionally, technology has allowed for unprecedented levels of automation, resulting in increased efficiency and productivity in several industries. Finally, technology has also allowed for the development of powerful weapons that can be used to wage war on a large scale.
Similarly, another important factor that has led to changes in the international system is globalization or the increasing economic interdependence of nations. This process has been spurred by technological advances and policy decisions such as the opening of world markets through free trade agreements (Bartholomees, 2008). As a result, countries are increasingly interconnected and influenced by one another, which can lead to both positive and negative outcomes.
In addition, there are many ways in which globalization has differentiated the 20th century from earlier centuries. One significant way is the increasing interconnectedness of economies and societies around the world. This increased interconnectedness is due to a variety of factors, including technological advances, changes in transportation and communication, and international organizations and institutions (Bartholomees, 2008). This increased interconnectedness has had a number of consequences for individuals, businesses, and governments. It has led to more opportunities for individuals to travel, study, and work abroad. For businesses, it has created new markets for goods and services and made doing business in other countries much easier. And for governments, it has led to increased cooperation on global challenges like climate change or terrorism.
Moreover, in the 20th century, population growth rates began to increase intensely. This was due to a variety of factors, including improved medical care and sanitation, which led to longer life span and higher birth rates. The industrial revolution likewise played a role, increasing food production and making it easier for people to live in cities. As populations grew, so did the challenges associated with managing them. More people meant more competition for resources, which could lead to conflict. Population growth also placed a strain on environmental resources, leading to concerns about sustainability. Governments struggled to keep up with the demands of their growing populations. They had to provide more housing, food, water, and services while also trying to maintain law and order.
Bush, Obama, and Trump Terrorism Perspective
There is no denying that the events of September 11th, 2001, changed the world forever. In the wake of such a tragedy, it is only natural for governments to reassess their strategies for combatting terrorism. The Bush, Obama, and Trump administrations have all taken a hard stance against terrorism, and while this may not be universally popular, it is certainly understandable, given the threat that terrorist groups pose. September 11th also marked a shift in how Westerners view the Islamic world (Bartholomees, 2008). Prior to that fateful day, most Americans had very little contact with Muslims and knew very little about Islam. This adversity has actually brought people of different faiths together and aided in creating a more unified front against terrorism.
Counterterrorism has been the central focus of American foreign policy in the years since the September 11th attacks. The Bush, Obama, and Trump administrations have all pursued policies aimed at disrupting, dismantling, and defeating terrorist organizations around the world. And while there has been some progress made in this effort, it is clear that the threat posed by terrorism is far from gone. In his analysis, Stolberg lays out how each administration has approached the fight against terrorism and how their efforts have (or have not) paid off. He also argues that some key lessons can be learned from past successes and failures.
Stolberg’s Analysis Liberal Perspective
I would say that Stolberg’s analysis represents the liberal perspective. He is concerned with individual rights and argues that the state should not infringe on these rights, even if it means that some individuals may suffer. From a realist perspective, the state would be more interested in preserving order and ensuring security than in protecting the individual rights of its citizens. And from a liberal perspective, the state should not interfere with individual rights except in cases where there is clear evidence that those rights are being violated.
In conclusion, the author argues that there is a lot of competition in the international systems, and the main scopes are in terms of political influences, military strength, and economic development. He also outlines that the international systems were undergoing a revolution, and some of these changes included globalization and technological advancement, which better communication and transportation. It is true that the Bush, Obama, and Trump administrations’ perspective that terrorism is the central theme in this century has been validated in Stolberg’s analysis. I would say that Stolberg’s analysis is important because it represents the liberal view that people have a right to privacy and that the government should not infringe on those rights.
Reference
Bartholomees, J. B. (Ed.). (2008). US army war college guide to national security issues, vol. ii: national security policy and Strategy. Strategic Studies Institute.