Introduction
Modern psychological science is in constant motion and undergoes various qualitative changes. Due to this, the maximum rapid and reasonable development of it is achieved. Many scientists are addressing the issue of research of theories of mental development within the framework of modern psychological science.
One such theory is the personality development theory developed by Sigmund Freud. It depicts someone who is not a conscious, rational being. In Sigmund Freud’s understanding, the person is developing as a being in eternal conflict, the origins of which lie in another, broader sphere of the psychic called the unconscious.
Developmental Psychology
The subject of the study of developmental psychology is self-development. Mental development is defined as phylo-, anthropo-, onto- or micro-genetic changes in behavior and experiences (Lally & Valentine-French, 2019). Developmental psychology studies the patterns of the formation of the psyche, exploring the mechanisms and driving forces of this process. Science does this by analyzing various approaches, functions, and genesis of the psyche, as well as various aspects of its formation. Developmental psychology identifies the patterns of human development as a member of society, as well as their psyche and consciousness.
Selected Theory & Psychologist Involved
The hypothesis that was chosen is known as psychoanalytic theory. Sigmund Freud, an Austrian psychoanalyst, psychiatrist, and psychologist, is the psychologist in question. His contributions to the development and substance of psychoanalysis brought him international acclaim. Freud published 24 volumes of writings throughout his lifetime, and more books are written about him each year than any other psychologist in the world (Lally & Valentine-French, 2019). The concepts of Sigmund Freud permeated the last century’s psychology, medicine, literature, and even art.
Theory Development
When psychology emerged as a distinct study in the second part of the nineteenth century, its principal objective was to introspect under controlled laboratory circumstances to disclose the fundamental components of the human psyche. At the time, Wundt’s first laboratory was working in this direction. A striking result resulted from Freud’s decision to research people using a fundamentally different methodology (Lally & Valentine-French, 2019).
However, Freud updated his conceptual model of mental existence in his early 20s (Niaz et al., 2019). Then, he introduced the id, ego, and superego as three fundamental components of the anatomy of personality. Although Freud himself tended to view them as some sort of process rather than structures, this was known as the structural model of personality.
Main Points of Theory
The main point of the theory is the existence of 3 components of the human psyche, each of which performs its functions in the process of human development. It is an innate component that includes common instinctual drives and the search for pleasure (Niaz et al., 2019). The ego is a rational part of the human psyche (Niaz et al., 2019). The superego is consciousness, including norms of behavior assimilated with the help of parents and reinforced by them (Lally & Valentine-French, 2019). The interaction of these three components constitutes a person’s personality throughout their development.
Conclusion
Freud’s psychoanalytic theory is an example of a psychodynamic approach to the study of human development. The theory considers human behavior to be completely deterministic, and dependent on internal psychological conflicts. This combination of theory with therapy and personality assessment connects all ideas about human behavior. Freud’s theory of personality served as the basis for psychoanalytic therapy, which is successfully used at the present time.
References
Lally, M., & Valentine-French, S. (2019). Lifespan development: A psychological perspective second edition. College of Lake County Books.
Niaz, A., Stanikzai, S. M., & Sahibzada, J. (2019). Review of Freud’s psychoanalysis approach to literary studies. American International Journal of Social Science Research, 4(2), 35-44. Web.