Free Essay Examples on Psychology

Toy Design Even though babies do not have sufficient motor ability, they enjoy investigating the world, and toys are the most helpful tools in this process of exploration (Foley & Matlin, 2016). Since they bear the aim of developing infants’ senses of perception, such toys should correspond to several requirements. First of all, they should be safe. Infants cannot control…

Introduction Memory is one of the many mysteries of the human mind for which researchers are yet to have a comprehensive answer. Nevertheless, due to the importance of the topic, a vast amount of research has been done on it. One of the more established models of memory is called the Three-Component Model of Memory. This paper will provide an…

Eysenck versus Gray personality theories Initially, the personality theory developed by Eysenck was based on two main dimensions – extraversion and neuroticism (‘E’ and ‘N’ responsively); on their axes, the two were juxtaposed to introversion and stability (Nussbaum, 2013). The theory by Gray also relies on two dimensions (impulsivity and anxiety) that are studied in terms various neural systems (Nussbaum,…

Introduction Nowadays, many international, local, and private companies use new techniques and management strategies to organize their working processes. These actions are necessary for the age of globalization because employees should be more productive, whereas the products or services they provide are intended to meet the highest quality standards. Also, workers should complete their tasks as fast as possible to…

The methodology chosen for this research is the case study that is associated with the focus on a particular problem (Creswell, 2012). The problem under analysis is the compulsive buying disorder in women in their late 30s, and the focus is on the way these females see their conditions, its causes and effects on their personality, career, family and so…

Introduction Sibling rivalry is a difficult topic that concerns all parents who have more than one child. According to Boyse, sibling rivalry manifests itself in the form of jealousy, competition, and fighting between brothers and sisters (par. 2). While there are many things parents do that can cause sibling rivalry, it is often seen as a natural process that affects…

Nature vs. Nurture It is worth noting that the intelligence and abilities of an individual can be inherited and developed, but the identification of the system of ethical values is the outcome of social interactions. Even if mental capacity is largely determined by genes, it is still vulnerable to external exposures (Powledge, 2011). For instance, several studies were conducted to…

In spite of the fact that executive coaching is the actively developed concept and practice, researchers and practitioners cannot agree on the theory that can be used to explain and support the main principles of this process. The lack of the special theory in the field of executive coaching makes researchers adapt the theories from other disciplines and knowledge areas…

Introduction The subject is a white male in the early adulthood developmental stage. He experienced emotional and physical abuse as a child and has a history of substance abuse, which affected his progression through developmental stages as defined by Erikson. The first stage of psychosocial development by Erikson is infancy, which is characterized by the conflict of trust versus mistrust.…

In life, human beings go through a process of development. Many theorists have come up with ways of explaining the development through stages or a continuous series. There is a need to examine the theories that explain the steps to understand this growth pattern. The inside-out and outside-in approaches also makes help explain the language development procedures. Sigmund Freud’s Development…

Introduction Management is a complex field that requires a comprehensive approach in order to satisfy the expectations of the stakeholders. A number of skills have been identified as essential for enhancing organizational performance and maintaining a positive culture that promotes innovation and creativity. The following report analyses five skills incorporated by Zappos, a highly successful online clothing shop, using the…

Abstract Motivation helps to achieve particular motives. Behavior in every individual has some force that pushes it. For people to do specific things now and again, they must have some driving force. Motivation is like the carrot that makes the donkey keep moving in the direction that it hangs. Intrinsic motivation is the internal drive in a person to take…

Abstract Cyberbullying is a relatively new concept that emerged in the light of progress associated with the development of the Internet and various online communication tools. Researchers investigated the impact of cyberbullying on children and teenagers and compared its effects with the influence of traditional bullying. It was found that around 11% of children or teenagers were once victims of…

Although evolution psychology underscores the importance of sex differences in sexuality, it is increasingly becoming clear that some social psychologists view this allegation as an exaggeration that is not rooted in science (Stewart-Williams & Thomas, 2013). Indeed, the binary classification of categorizing species is being put to question due to the occurrence of life events that go beyond the explanations…

Developmental Psychology The types of work Professionals who work in this area of psychology concentrate on the provision of required assistance to people with developmental issues. They often work with children who are retarded and try to improve their condition so that they can catch up with their peers. In addition to that, developmental psychologists spend much time helping the…

Military personnel is exposed to greater psychological risks than civilians. Soldiers occasionally face scenes and events that are disturbing or implying a great responsibility for the outcomes. It is not surprising that they are often subject to psychological issues as a result of their service. Researchers have discovered that the sense of loneliness is one of the risk factors that…

Sibling Rivalry Kippen and Walters define sibling rivalry as “the competition, fighting, hatred, and jealousy between siblings” (575). This is a major psychological problem that affects many families across the world. Parents who have two (or more) children will at some point be forced to deal with this problem. Studies have shown clearly that the rivalry can continue for several…

Professionals must listen to their clients appropriately so that they can understand their thoughts and feelings with no mistakes. This is a crucial aspect of effective communication, and its value is undeniable. However, being a good listener is not easy. One is to be able to summarize the obtained information and paraphrase. In addition to that, it is important to…

Data Description Gharib and Phillips (2013) compared students’ scores on open-book and cheat-sheet examinations. The predictor variable was the type of exam: open-book or cheat-sheet; nominal measurement. The outcome sets variables were: students’ grades (scale); anxiety scores (presumably scale; 5-point Likert scale was used); time of studying for exams (hours, scale). N=225. The article is relevant for General Psychology because…

Abstract ADHD is a widespread problem that causes considerable problems with academic progress in children. In this work, I analyze the opinion presented in a newspaper article and develop an argument that considers the disadvantages of the pharmaceutical treatment of ADHD, such as subjectivity of diagnosis, numerous side effects, uncertainty about long-term effects, and high price, in contradiction to the…

Psychology is a natural science that, similarly to disciplines such as biology and chemistry, relies on experimental methods for pursuing scientific goals of prediction, description, and explanation. Scholars across different areas of science do not always agree with each other on the nature and scope of their discipline. In the same vein, psychologists have always had different approaches to thinking…

Charlotte’s Personality The main character in the film is Drab Charlotte Vale. According to the film, Charlotte is raised up by an abusive mother. She lacks self-confidence because of her past experiences. The film shows clearly that Charlotte was an unwanted daughter. She later benefits from the services of Dr. Jaquith. The psychiatrist encourages her to stay away from her…

Introduction The postulates of attachment theory were developed by and John Bowlby. The author created a comprehensive approach to perceiving individual development based on concepts from numerous fields of research, including second-order cybernetics, psychoanalysis, developmental psychology, ethology, etc. (Blakely and Dziadosz 284). Due to incorporating different theoretical frameworks, attachment theory is as well applicable to improving outcomes in different aspects…

Explain conduct disorder in adolescence to include symptomology, duration, and social factors Conduct disorder refers to a collection of antisocial behaviors exhibited by adolescents that infringe on the rights of other people and that defy societal norms (Reavy, Stein, Quina, & Paiva, 2014). These behaviors are repetitive and persistent in nature. Research studies have revealed that cases of conduct disorder…

Introduction Personality determines the different forms of human behaviors and abilities; hence, it is important for success in an organization. Personality is the most important element that human resource managers consider in the recruitment process. Different roles require disparate kinds of skill sets and aptitudes, all of which are attributed to personality (Andrews, Baker, & Hunt, 2011). In the contemporary…

Perceptions of Emotion The James-Lange theory says that every physical state of a person influences one’s emotions and mood. For instance, if one smiles, he or she is likely to feel happy. Both James and Lange (they developed the same theory together) think that every move, activity, and action has a particular impact on people’s feelings. Our brain receives various…

The article chosen for the critique was written by Marganska, Gallagher, and Miranda (2013). It investigates the problem of attachment, emotion dysregulation, and their relation to the symptoms of anxiety and depression. According to the authors, attachment style and emotion regulation can be linked, and such a link can lead to different psychological outcomes, for example, the development of depression…

Introduction Waller’s work in ‘Becoming Evil’ is a reminder of the numerous accounts of genocides that have occurred in the past century. Waller unmasks the ordinary excuses for psychopathology, and genocide-group think, unusual cultures and puts up a comprehensive perception of humans’ capability to participate in transgression. He highlights the evolutionary factors that contribute to shaping human nature, individual inclinations…

Introduction To promote proper development in a child, one must consider their characteristics and identify the temperament that a child is most likely to have. Despite the fact that there are only three possible results, the unique combinations of nine traits, as well as different degrees of their intensity, allow for a rather accurate identification of a child’s educational needs…

Introduction Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a brain condition that leads to irreversible deterioration of cognitive capabilities in human beings (Alzheimer’s Association, 2015). This section evaluates the case of Catherine, who suffers from AD, by addressing various factors that are common to other affected people. Catherine’s cognitive abilities including memory, speech, judgment, and communication seem to have been affected. As she…

Introduction In qualitative research, it is paramount to utilize specific methods and techniques in order to obtain reliable and useful results. This paper considers the use of the observational method for analyzing video recordings depicting parent-child interaction and compares this method with two other techniques, namely, conversation analysis and coding. Advantages and Disadvantages of the Observational Method and Cohen’s Kappa…

Three Types of Decisions Important for Psychology or/and Education There are three types of decisions important for psychology or/and education. These are college admission decisions, diagnostic or hiring decisions, and vocational decisions. Various psychological tests aimed to assist in making such decisions were designed. It is important to highlight the most significant one of them. Diagnosis and employment selection play…

The effectiveness of coaching sessions depends on the approaches or theoretical frameworks used by executive coaches in order to help individuals achieve their goals. From this perspective, it is almost impossible to state that some approach is less appropriate than another because various approaches can be used in different situations to work with diverse clients (Stober & Grant, 2006). The…

Introduction Many scholars in the psychology field define child development as biological, psychological and emotional transformation of a child from birth until when he or she reaches late teenage-hood, where he or she can make wise uncompelled decisions. Genetic factors and external happenings during pregnancy and before birth significantly affect these developments, thus it is vital to take account of…

Personality As a personality concept for my work, I selected Alzheimer’s disease. Having analyzed the portrayal of this disease in the movie Away from Her, I should note the accuracy of the representation of this concept. The movie presents the following realistic aspects of the lives of people with Alzheimer’s disease: the challenges that they face, their experience, the experience…

Anxiety Disorders Various theories have attempted to give reasons for why people develop anxiety disorders. Anxiety disorders have proven to be the most common mental disorders in the world today. There are various perspectives through which those disorders can be analyzed. These include the psychodynamic perspective, behavioral perspective, cognitive perspective, and the biological perspective. These perspectives can be used in…

Introduction Posttraumatic stress disorder, or PTSD, is a holistic set of symptoms of mental activity disorders caused by a one-time or recurring strong external traumatic impact on the patient’s psyche (e.g., physical or sexual abuse, constant nervous stress associated with fear, humiliation, and empathy to the sufferings of other people). People with PTSD experience heightened anxiety caused by memories of…

The term knowledge is defined as the process through which people acquire knowledge and behavior. Skills, values, and characteristics that people exhibit are acquired through learning. The process of learning takes place slowly by slowly even though some experiences can be learned instantly. Education is one of the ways through which individuals acquire knowledge. Children are taught many thing s…

Design Description Time-series research design is a prevalent method used for mathematical statistics. There are several different areas where time-series research can be found useful (Yadav & Toshniwal, 2011). In this particular situation, a time-series research design is applied within the framework of the educational environment. Even though there are numerous ways to apply the time-series research design, there are…

Famous Persons Becca Levy and Ellen Langer became the very first persons to identify the peculiarities of the peak and decline model and compare the latter to the lifespan developmental model elaborated by Sigmund Freud. The peak and decline model was initially outlined by Herbert Lehman who stated that this model had numerous quantitative advantages while there were also some…

As it is known, the human mind is capable of much, but at the same time, its capabilities are not entirely understood. For example, the peculiarity of our perception of the surrounding world and the concentration on particular objects look rather ambiguous and intriguing for studying. Our memory has many properties, and one of them is the so-called blindness when…

Summary of the Disorder Dyslexia is one of the widespread learning disorders that affect the population on a large scale. According to some estimates, as much as twenty percent of individuals have it in some form or another (Lapkin, 2014). Despite such an impressive presentation and a growing body of studies that add to our understanding of the condition, most…

Blatant Dehumanization and Its Implications Wars are not destructive only for their participants and not merely for their contemporaries. The aftermath of wars is present in many future generations. Over the centuries, there have been numerous modifications of ideological, technological, and psychological aspects of warfare. One of the most detrimental outcomes of war is dehumanization. The evolution of this ruinous…

Summary The present article, written by three scholars specializing in psychology, is devoted to the effect, which labels have on children’s category learning. The research was supported by several grants. The central problem of the research is the nature of the label’s effect: while some argue that labeling facilitates a child’s learning, especially when it comes to categorization, others claim…

Introduction There are many reasons for young people to start working, and they are mostly related to a person’s need to be self-sufficient. One may need to save money to buy something expensive or pay for education, while others may just want to have enough pocket money. Overall, the reasons to work are either revolving around a person’s need to…

Introduction Personal reflection is a day-to-day analysis that caters for assessment of personalities especially among closely related people. The daily rumination of peoples’ behaviours has a close focus upon individuals, but the development in the psychology studies indicates that the focus is general. Various theories are in use in the aim of explaining the developments involving the development of specific…

Abstract Anorexia nervosa is one of the diseases that border with mental pathology. Currently, anorexia occurs in both adolescents and adults, among whom more than half of the cases are the consequence of neurotic reactions. The core of the disease is a deliberate restriction in food intake or complete refusal to eat in order to correct an imaginary or drastically…

Various types of designs can be used to provide research investigations in developmental psychology. Among the most popular ones are the longitudinal designs. They are commonly conducted within a particular parcel of children for several years, which allows the researchers to examine the changes and maintain tests at different ages. This design is beneficial as it provides one with the…

Introduction It is a renowned statistic that cigarette smoking is much more common among the patients with psychiatric diseases for a number of reasons which may include (but are not limited to) psychological implications and neurobiological mechanisms. The addiction to nicotine is often associated with co-occurring psychological ailments and is known to increase the risk of being exposed to mortality,…

What is Borderline Personality Disorder? Borderline Personality Disorder or BPD is a personality disorder characterized by its impulsivity. Patients suffering from Borderline Personality Disorder have difficulties in relationships with other people; their self-control is very low and their emotional state is unsteady as they experience severe mood swings. Their life in the society is also troubled by abnormally high anxiety,…