2598 samples of this type
Introduction HIPAA or Health Insurance Portability Act cushions the US citizens against any discriminatory insurance activities. Also this Act establishes how diverse medical experts share any form of information concerning their clients (patients). It is broadly known that the groups that are expected to adhere to HIPAA mandates covers doctors...
Patents play a vital role in innovation and economic performance. Between 1992 and 2002, the average number of patent submissions filed in Europe, Japan, and the United States increased by close to 41% (Arora et al. 147). The escalating use of patents to protect inventions by private research organizations is...
Facts A non-compete agreement between Bradford & Bigelow, Inc. and Mr. Bradley was signed in 2015. In general, non-compete agreements impose an employee’s obligation to avoid competition with the employer during or after particular employment (Kubasek et al., 2017). It successfully prevented competition between the sides during the next 12...
Unlike the past when we experienced military wars among Nations, wars have changed with time from the Military action in the Second World War to the Cold war of the late 1980s and 90s and now attention has shifted to cyber security as competition for technology becomes intense. Cyber attacks...
Increased sexual offences is an issue that increasingly raises concerns across many spheres of the society form law enforcement to parents, schools, the government, scholars and many others. This paper looks into this issue in an attempt to answer questions pertaining to the law on sex offenders, their rehabilitation, recidivism...
There are five salient elements of a contract. The elements are a requisite for a contract to be enforced. Failure to prove any of the elements renders the contract voidable, thus it cannot be enforced. Acceptance is one of the elements that validate a contract. Secondly, consensus ad idem is...
Integrity is included into the list of the LEADRSHIP values, which exist to direct military servicemembers toward an appropriate conduct. Integrity can be defined as being honest and morally correct despite any difficulties or consequences that might result from following legal and moral principles (Walklate & McGarry, 2016). This definition...
Introduction The employers of the past centuries would enforce the yellow-dog contracts and labor injunctions (interventions against labor protest) in an attempt to set boundaries as to how employees could respond to dissatisfaction in their work environment. The resistance to the formation of labor unions by employers only led to...
In 1994, UNIDROIT published the first set of principles aimed at harmonizing private international law. An updated version of the principles was published in the year 2004. In this article, a comparison will be made between UNIDROIT 2004 principles and Islamic law (Sharia). This is especially Al-Majalla Al Ahkam Al Adaliyyah...
Introduction Robbery is described as the act of forcefully taking possession of another person’s property. Robbery can be divided into different categories, which include aggravated robbery, highway robbery, bank robbery, carjacking, and extortion. Under the National Incident-Based Reporting System, robbery is classified as a Group ‘A’ offense, and it is...
Introduction Workplace diversity has become an essential characteristic of contemporary companies and organizations. It is crucial to view the process not as a tendency brought by political correctness but as a necessary mechanism to bring more perspective into work and thus enhance its results overall. One of the spheres that,...
Abstract High chances are that human sex traffickers widely understand technology as a propagator of criminal activities. In an attempt to discover this truth, the paper provides an introduction that describes human sex trafficking before taking a specific approach of understanding the vice in Houston, Texas. The paper also discovers...
The issue connected with the use of marijuana has passed through many generations and has been discussed in many cultures from different points of view. Today the attitude of the public to the use of marijuana has changed greatly. A lot of people in the world use marijuana as medicine...
In the U.S there have been various attempts in the promotion of the reforms in the health care sector over many years. This year 2010, the Obama administration has been able to enact the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act even after a raucous republican opposition an exercise that is...
The United Nations conventions against torture recognize torture as an act that inflicts intense physical or psychological suffering pain and suffering. Torture is commonly used by state authorities around the world as a form of punishment to people who have committed crimes; people suspected to have committed crimes or as...
To advocate is to act as a voice of someone or a particular group and mostly in their defense or for a certain course. This is commonly done in groups or individuals who are not able to speak for themselves. Advocacy is therefore a form of consultation since it involves...
The principle of power separation is a universally accepted tool, ensuring that democratic values are preserved within a nation. Judiciary serves as an indispensable element of this system, as its objective is to confirm the legitimacy of all actions taken by other branches of the government. Accordingly, it plays a...
Introduction The Miranda right is a constitutional right for every citizen in America when arrested and put in custody. According to Einesman (2000), non-citizens can also exercise this constitutional right. The Miranda right come about after the ruling in the Supreme Court case of Miranda and Arizona held in 1966....
Treating the employees in a way that is comfortable for them is crucial when it comes to employer-employee relations. Thus, every state has legislation that protects the rights of the workers as well as their health and safety. It is also important to provide the employees with an appropriate level...
Section 15 of the “Canadian charter of Rights and Freedoms” contains guarantees for equality before the law. The section prohibits numerous discriminative actions by governments, because it falls under constitutional rights. Discriminative actions highlighted included prejudice and stereotyping. The section, however, exempts affirmative action and rights provided by other sub-sections...
A criminal justice system of any country is meant to ensure justice and maintain law and order in the society. A good criminal justice system must therefore provide for safer environs and reduced crime in a country. The US Criminal justice system seems to have failed on this account if...
National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) was enacted to safeguard the civil and constitutional rights of employees. Workers from the private sectors formed trade unions, organized strikes, and engaged in activities that could forward their demands. NLRA (Wagner Act) excluded domestic employees and supervisors. Agricultural employees...
The criminal justice profession implies fulfilling duties that meet the needs of various populations. All individuals and societal groups need security and protection, and meeting those needs make this profession valuable and rewarding. It makes both professionals and people feel proud and honorable. The functions of the criminal justice are...
Abstract The United States has a dual court system with two types of courts: the federal courts and the state courts. The idea of the dual court system is misleading because there are 50 court systems in each state, plus the federal system, and the courts of Washington, D.C. (Carmen,...
The Time’s Up movement is gaining more ground in the United States since multiple cases of sexual harassment appear in the media. Significantly, the movement became popular when celebrities claimed to encounter sexual crimes throughout their lives, which inspired many U.S. residents to file for similar cases (MsMojo, 2018). Yet,...
International students are the students who go to other countries to study and because of this, they face a lot of problems. They are a vulnerable group who face common security problems because of several factors that include demographic factors, lack of stable economic security, limited options to employment, housing...
Abstract This report will provide an explanation of the high rate of crime in the Lisbon region, particularly in the municipalities of Loures, Amadora, and Sintra. This will also provide possible ways of intervention or prevention. There is a need for explaining crime in the context of criminal theory because...
The main desire and liability of any criminal justice system is securing the public safety. Holding up the offenders in the respective correctional facilitates assists in securing the public safety. The management of correctional system is associated with the rise of gangs in prisons. According to Berestein (2008), the criminal...
Sexual assault is quite a common type of crime. In the majority of cases, females become victims of sexual assault though males (especially young boys) can also be victimized (Bramsen, Elklit & Nielsen, 2009). This paper will focus on sexual abuse against women. Rape is a form of sexual abuse....
The agreement of both Brian and Harry for the sale of model trains should have had a written agreement or contract in order for it to be valid. Article 2 section 201 (a) on formal requirements states that: “A contract for the sale of goods for the price of $5,000...
Securities fraud Securities fraud, which is also referred to as stock fraud or investment fraud, is generally a deceptive exercise in the stock markets aimed at inducing investors into making purchases or sales based on falsified information. It often results in huge losses and violates the law of securities (Blanck,...
Introduction Major advances in biological sciences have yielded new ways of tackling various environmental and health problems. According to the European Medicines Agency (EMA), novel areas of research such the stem cells continue to reveal enormous potential health benefits such as development of clinical therapies for degenerative diseases such as...
Introduction Criminal Proceedings are based on the presented facts that enable formulation of credible judgment by the presiding officers. Evidently, cases of criminal nature are complicated and require superior understanding of the presented issues by the parties involved in the suit. In practice, cases of criminal nature are becoming common...
Criminal Justice Systems date back thousands of years during the times of Cain and Abel in the bible. The golden rule used was an “eye for an eye.” During the 125BC however, the Roman Republic took place in ruling of criminal offences. The ruling was so inefficient due its many...
Summary of the Proposed Study This study establishes the impact of contract law on the economy of the country. The economy of a country is majorly composed of trade and employment. The two economic aspects, trade and employment, are greatly affected by laws of contract. For example, every kind of...
Introduction One of the most critical areas in a country’s economy is the health sector. The main reason is the fact that raising a healthy nation replicates its benefits all across other sectors of the country. This paper is a revisit of the health care law to respond to certain...
Introduction The labor market is one of the aspects of macroeconomics that governments use to ensure growth in the economy of a country. It is essential in the creation of revenue for the country as well as providing a means to earn an income for the population. As such, governments...
Abstract Theoretically, the authorities who have power over others are supposed to protect the rights and freedoms of their inferiors, although this is not always the case. Today there are a number of crimes that are referred to as white collar crimes and include government frauds, waste and abuse. White...
Abstract The aim of forming a corporation is to protect owners from the liabilities and debts of their ventures. This ensures the growth of the business. However, we must establish whether courts will reach a point where they will take a separate business enterprise as a means of achieving an...
In recent years, the popularity of juvenile boot camps as a tool for correcting underage offenders has been on the rise. Juvenile boot camps are “short-term residential programs that resemble military basic training and target adjudicated juvenile offenders” (Tyler, Darville & Stalnaker, 2001). The main goal of juvenile boot camps...
Adolescents tend to behave in a manner that is contrary to the accepted rules. They engage themselves in activities such as underage smoking and abuse of drugs in an attempt to find their place in the world. Juvenile offending or delinquency refers to the illicit demeanor of minors. Research suggests...
Introduction Global warming is an undisputed international problem. The discourse surrounding this issue has attracted disparate opinions from lawmakers, investors, and the public among others. One of the ideas and approaches that have been adopted is iron fertilization. Iron fertilization is a form of geoengineering, which involves the intentional introduction...
Ineffectiveness of Self Control Theory on Child Rearing In a family, children are of high significance especially on the traits and image they portray to the outside world. Parental care is more concerned with the behavior towards characters the children inherit from the maternal parents (Susan, 2006). The children depict...
Issue’s summary Defendant went to the victim’s house supposedly to look at and buy a rifle owned by the victim. When the victim gave the rifle to the defendant to inspect, he turned the rifle on the victim and refused to give the rifle back. Introduction Under the US criminal...
Introduction Crime can be defined as the breach of the laws and rules which govern a people. Such a breach would warrant the authority to give a conviction or a caution. However, crime is defined differently by different societies. Every crime violates the law; however, not every violation of the...
Introduction In the modern democratic world, the notion of human rights and freedoms is fundamental. There is no law or regulation that allows one person to deprive another person of life. There are different forms of murders – self-defense murder, unintentional, and premeditated murder. Unintentional murders are punished with imprisonment...
Introduction The justice system in the early 20th century was different from the current justice system in terms of the goals held paramount by the system. Over the past 60 years, there have been tremendous changes in laws governing the justice system. While some people have a negative attitude toward...
Introduction The great Aristotle said that an arbitrator goes by and follows the equity of a case, a judge goes by the law, and the development of the process of arbitration was to obtain full power of equity. Through this saying, Aristotle has clearly shown the importance of arbitration in...
The frequency at which an act is repeated by a person is referred to as the recidivism rate. Usually this performance is preceded by occurrence of a retrogressive episode of the act or the person has been coached to stop the act. It can be termed as the ratio of...
In “Our blind spot about guns,” Kristof (2019) argues that gun regulations are less strict than those imposed on cars and that changing the matter would save lives. In “Don’t make English official – Ban it instead,” Baron (2019) offers to make the English language illegal as an unusual way...
Introduction Strategic planning refers to an organized focus of an organization in the future. It is the determinant of where the organization is going to be in the future, the means to get there, and how it will be sure that it will get there. Some may confuse the focus...
Introduction Previously, identity theft was considered a personal crime requiring criminals to have some form of contact with the victim. In this research paper, identity theft reflects unauthorized gathering and deceitful use of other individuals’ personal information. Today, however, identity theft has changed completely since it can be conducted as...
Introduction Crime refers to the involvement of an act or behavior that is contrary to the set laws and regulations of a society and, hence, punishable by set criteria of verdicts. Crimes vary in nature, intensity, and form, country to country. Some common forms of crime may include sexual abuse,...
Introduction National and international security is being threatened by the recent rise in transitional organized crimes ‘TOC’. The most tragic reality is the fact that the general public is the most vulnerable to the implications TOCs. Organized crimes can take different forms and can be described in various approaches. Interestingly,...
Conflict theorists note that social and economic forces operating in society encourage individuals to engage in crime. The theory claims that the criminal justice system in society sets moral standards that cannot be attained by the poor. Therefore, poor individuals are accused of engaging in criminal activities because they lack...
A tort is a civil wrong or conduct that is intended to harm other people or their property. A tort is wrong against private duty, and thus is against public duty then the tort will become a crime. Hence, torts such as assault can also be categorized as crimes. The...
The case of Miranda vs. Arizona can be described as a landmark case because after finding its way to US Supreme Court it altered the American jurisprudence (Soltero, 61–74). This case was responsible for what is known as the Miranda Rights which basically constitutes the right to remain silent. This...
The case under review is concerned with the partnership liability of seven doctors, one of whom has been sued for causing his patient’s death due to poor judgment. The seven doctors were partners within the CPA firm of Harston and Mendez, which became the defendant in the case. However, since...
Introduction Belize, a country located in Central America, bordering Mexico and Guatemala along the Caribbean Sea. The nation has a population of roughly 400000 people as per the 2020 estimations. It boasts of third-ranking in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Central American countries (Verutes et al., 2017). Although Belize enjoys...
Introduction Federal and states court interact with one another owing to the system of government in the country, that is; judicial federalism. The US central political authority shares power with subunits in various states both legally and politically. Tensions often arise between the latter entities and the former ones. This...
Introduction Safety in Italy has been a challenge in Italy. Organized crimes range from corporate crime, Neapolitan Camorra and mafia. The violence is sometimes racial and affects Italian citizens. In major cities where people are overcrowding and at parking lot, crimes such as pick pocketing and handbag snatching. Other overcrowded...
There are over half a million prisoners every year released from American prison facilities. Correctional facilities across the United States, to combat recidivism have changed their approach from being punitive to rehabilitation. Other nations such as Japan and Scotland have made changes to their correctional facilities and developed rehabilitative programs....
Crime is a behavior involving the forceful and cunning acquisition of resources by an individual or a gang from other people. From the legal perspective, committing a crime entails ignorance while acting on forbidden affairs, and such omissions are punishable. Majorly, harmful practices, including murder, rape, driving while drunk, burglary,...
Executive Summary The travel policy that is offered by Manulife policy offers a series of benefits to the insured who buy the right policy. The clauses in this manual explain the six categories of travel insurance that this firm offers. The first one is the Emergency Medical Insurance Policy. This...
The aboriginal people have been living under confinement, in the reserves for a long time. Though these laws have undergone amendments that seek to give them more freedom, they are still under a lot of legal constraints. This law limits the flexibility of the Aboriginal people to adapt to changes...
Shareholder derivatives are stakeholders’ measures to file a lawsuit on behalf of a business against a third party. Although it is the responsibility of a company to take an issue in court, a stockholder can raise complaints if they feel the leadership of the organization is not serving their interest...
Nowadays, it has become a commonplace assumption that the enactment of various copyright laws is being solely concerned with protecting people’s intellectual property, as something that has a value of ‘thing in itself’. Such assumption, however, cannot be referred to as thoroughly valid. The reason for this is simple –...
Introduction The constitutional law of Hong Kong is the Basic Law that applies in the Special Administrative Region. Hong Kong is part of the People’s Republic of China. Hong Kong, which is headed by the Chief Executive, is autonomous. The region was under British rule but in 1997, the region...
Introduction Most sex offenders are characterized by recidivism with or without punishment and counseling after their initial offenses. We are all to question the effectiveness of our courts and correction facilities as well as the abilities of our psychologists. Worse still, serial sex offenders grow to develop a tendency to...
Reasons why the unprofessional conduct occur and what need to be done A prosecutor is a person who represents a state in criminal cases in courts of law. He or she is responsible for executing a criminal who has broken a law (Miller, Hess & Orthmann, 2013). Ethical behavior refers...
Introduction As one among the several criminology schools, Marxist criminology is comparable to functionalist theories, which tends to emphasize the production of continuity and stability in any one given society. However, Marxist criminology also embraces a political philosophy that is often predefined. Just like in conflict criminology, it usually focuses...
The use of taser guns in the United States and Canada among civilians and the police force has become a common practice since tasers have been considered to be less lethal and effective weapons for maintaining security and apprehending aggressive suspects. However, there have been long-running debates on the safety...
Introduction Psychology social learning theory (observational learning theory) is associated with Albert Bandura who was the discoverer of the theory (Akers & Sellers, 13). This was as a result of his research on modelling and imitation. The theory holds that behaviour can be learned at a cognitive level through observation...
Introduction A number of scandals occurred around the infamous Cummins State Prison Farm in Arkansas in 1967-1969 and 1982-1983; the latter scandal was related to the blood gathered from the local prisoners. In this paper, we will discuss a number of issues connected to the blood scandal, as well as...
Elements of Murder Criminal acts that lead to bodily harm or even death attract much interest from different states. A proof of murder requires the substantiation of the intent to kill or even cause grievous harm to an individual (Schmalleger, Hall & Dolatowski, 2005). First-degree murder requires verification of willfulness...
Introduction The behavior of individuals in a society is influenced by multiple factors and motivators. Political, economic, social, cultural, and psychological issues become decisive determinants of citizens’ responses to particular events; the most significant and relevant to criminology are protest movements. However, within the past years, environmental concerns have become...
Introduction To say that we are living in a society or a world governed through crime is an understatement. Society and the world at large are under siege of crime; all sorts of crime from pickpocketing to capital crimes and even treason. Criminals seem to be evolving by the day...
Introduction According to the current statistical data, the rates of crimes in the UK change with mixed success. Spreading over all four constituent parts of the Kingdom, burglaries are still in evidence. This is why significance of reduction of crimes (burglaries) should start, as I see it, from direct investigation...
Introduction Just before the year 2001, the USA faced a lot of insecurity including the infamous terrorist attack of September 11, 2001: this was a turning point for the government of the United States of America (Friedman, 2009). It was immediately after this terrorist attack that the federal government decided...
Legal provisions within the health care sector allow patients in hospitals or nursing homes to express their acceptance or refusal of the administration of various medical procedures in case their health deteriorates to a state whereby they can no longer make sound decisions. The PSDA encourages health care providers to...
Introduction The war on crime in society has been a hotly debated topic. This is in relation to the various methodologies adopted by various agencies in undertaking monitoring of human behavior and more so criminal activities. Despite the numerous strategies and approaches in dealing with criminal behavior, an efficient approach...
Introduction Crime is continually evolving, thus becoming more complicated, especially due to technological developments. Other factors that have contributed to crime complexity include demographic changes for males below 30 years of age, which is a crime-prone age group, and macro-economic scales that include the unemployment rate, consumers’ spending power and...
The federal government’s decision to change the law of minimum tobacco purchase age and sell related products to a person under twenty-one years is excellent. Previously, the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act prevented individuals who are under the age of eighteen years from purchasing tobacco products. According to Winickoff...
Historical development of juvenile justice system The progressive Era reformists saw the institution of the juvenile justice system in the better part of 1899, prior to which young offenders were tried and punished in adult justice systems. Within the time range 1968 – 1974, the Supreme Court overturned the usual...
Introduction In the current business world, the pace at which changes are taking place is so high that it will take only masters of the game to survive. Masters of the game are only those businesses that will make the most appropriate decisions in relation to the prevailing business conditions....
Introduction Forensics is used for the purposes of law enforcement as they provide scientific evidence used in courts of law, trial, and criminal investigations. Forensics is an important part of our society in fighting crime of all sports at all levels. This essay looks at chemicals that are used by...
Process of Supreme Court’s justice appointment The process of appointing and confirming a Supreme Court justice comprises two main steps namely nomination by the President and confirmation by Senate. The President is mandated by the American constitution to appoint judges to serve in the Supreme Court. He appoints the judges...
There has been a major controversy over whether juvenile offenders should be tried as adults or not. A juvenile offender is a wrongdoer who is too immature to be tried as a grownup. The required age at which an individual can be tried as a grownup differs amongst states but...
The entire humanity is conversant with the notion of deterrence. Deterrence refers to the employment of retribution as a threat to deter folks from committing offenses. We see cases of many forms of deterrence in everyday lives, all over from the grocery store where we buy serials to the banks...
In his attempt to purchase the chocolate sauce which he saw in an advertisement, Todd agreed to the online contract of Foodmart stating that sales prices are applicable to items not included in advertisements and the stocks will be dependent on the existing inventory of the nearest store to the...
The creation of a separate legal institution to judge the moral and immoral behavior of our youth did not exist until the early 1800s. There was a time when youths were subjected to the same laws and due process as adults and when found guilty, dealt the same punishment. Today’s...
Outline Different researches show that most punishments administered by law enforcement officers on criminals are largely determined either by racial bias or the economic status of criminals. The argument behind this issue is that minority groups in communities as well as those who are living in poverty are likely to...
Introduction There has been a lot of controversy in trying to understand the reason the spirit in which juvenile courts were created since a lot of people are currently arguing that children should be tried as adults when it comes to crime. Generally the essence of creating the juvenile courts...
The federal system of the United States is founded on the substratum notion that the states administer the principal responsibility for criminal justice and hence, criminal justice is the nucleus of state and not national responsibility. Currently, there is no single criminal justice system in the U.S.A as different states...
Treatment delivery is a multifactorial process, as it includes monitoring, evaluation, intervention, and prevention over the long term. An insurance plan’s choice combines financial and non-material parts, as the optimal package must correspond to the economic and medical benefits. Four coverage plans were analyzed, taking into account performance reports, which...
Uniform Crime Report/ National Crime Victimization Survey: Strengths and Weaknesses of These Reports The Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) were developed by the International Association of Chiefs of Police in order to provide nations with uniform crime statistics at the end of the 1920s; The FBI became responsible for gathering, analyzing,...
Introduction To better understand radical criminology theory, it is important to first have a basic idea on what is criminology. Criminology is a field of study that endeavours to establish the main causes of crime, definition of crime in terms of law and the reaction of people in the society...
Abstract The prosecution office in this country has the responsibility of proving to the court that a given suspect is guilty as charged. the Fifth Amendment gives the suspects right to remain silent when arrested, while the Sixth Amendment gives them right to have an attorney. The Queen County District...
The juvenile justice system in the United States is flawed on multiple levels. This social issue attracts considerable attention from popular media and scholars who examine its roots and repercussions. Just Mercy: A Story of Justice and Redemption by Bryan Stevenson partially focuses on injustices that juvenile criminals undergo and...
Facts of the case The two control 43% of the total outstanding share value of the company. On the other hand, Modell controls a significant percentage of the company’s shares as well. To be precise, the total amount of shares of Delaware Corporation that are owned by Modell amounts to...
Introduction In today’s technology ridden world, computer crime and other related criminal activities are a booming business. Criminals, fraudsters, and even revolutionary terrorists seem to strike at every opportunity, leading either to financial losses, or loss in important data and information. In January of 2005, the United States federal government...
Introduction Free media are designed to ensure that the government provides information to its citizens in the United States, and citizens can control the government. The U.S. press offers a wide field of expression, limiting government action by law and representing a wide variety of ideas. The highest institution in...
Over the years, there are several debates have arisen on the effectiveness of police patrols in crime prevention. Conventionally, there has been a general agreement in society that the primary responsibility of the police force is crime deterrence. Society has placed huge demands on the police force; ranking among the...
The “Here and Now” Approach Merits Different approaches to analyzing predatory crime causation allow comparing the methods of assessing offenses about the motives that drive criminals. When comparing the “here and now” approach postulated by the Routine Activities theorists with conventional background criminological concepts, one should take into account the...
The roles of the defense attorney are very important for innocent and guilty lives. It does not matter what kind of crime is committed, any defense attorney has to find enough gaps of charge, powerful alibi, and effective evidence. The roles of defense attorneys may differ considerably, depending on the...
Introduction After the abolishment of slavery in Europe and North America, many people celebrated since the achievement triggered the introduction and passage of human rights clauses to protect mankind from forced labor. Notions of democracy continue to focus on evidence-based approaches that can empower global citizens to pursue their personal...
The case described investigates the violation of legal relations based on the drafting of the contract from several parties at once. After reading the scenario, we can identify two main problems that led to the legal conflict. First, a pre-booked room for Mr. Rogers in the hotel was not available...
Introduction Deviance refers to behaviour that goes against various established societal norms, including formally enacted rules and regulations. Violation of rules amounts to crime whereby an individual would be punished according to the set laws. Moreover, deviance entails contravention of social norms, such as folklores and customs. The role of...
Taking businesses past national borders means going into new territories where one increases the number of possible customers and business ventures. But sets of rules, laws, and regulations found at this level increase as well. For example, the European Union has its own sets of rules directing businessmen doing business...
Theory The theory of race, crime, and urban inequality is based on the paradigm of social disorganization theory formulated by the Chicago School. The conventional paradigm was established in the early 1900s. More contemporary notions and suggestions have been added to it to give meaning to what is now the...
Introduction The world is experiencing radical changes in the work and labor environment. Labor and work countrywide is an area that is vital and requires special attention for it is the backbone of all sectors of the economy of any given country. This has become one of the legislative areas,...
Michael Smyth (the plaintiff) and his colleague were using the corporate email in their purposes by sending various messages to each other regarding different events. Nonetheless, they used inappropriate language for their communication (Halbert & Ingulli, 2012). In this instance, the Pillsbury Company (the defendant) fired them for using inappropriate...
Introduction On 23th February 2011, I attended a bail hearing of an accused police constable who shot and killed a 26 year old man. The hearing took place at Ontorio Court of Justice located at 7755 Hurontario Street Brampton, Ontario. The court room consisted of the Crown attorney, the lawyer...
European Community Law European Community laws (ECL) are regulations and directives which are above the national laws. Their main objective is to continually bring together its members’ economic and political systems in order to form a single market. The market is characterized by the free movement of people, goods, and...
Abstract Maintaining statistics is one of the primary tasks of police departments, and its importance is defined by the need to provide information on the current crime rate. Data relating to this indicator are submitted to the Federal Bureau of Investigation and included in the Uniform Crime Report. As can...
Corporate crime covers a very wide range of lawbreaking activities that include violations of accounting such as false statements of corporate assets and profits, occupational safety and health hazards; unfair labor practices, misleading packaging of products, environmental violations as well as illegal domestic political contribution among others. Recognition of corporate...
The case of Cameron Todd Willingham was one of the most controversial criminal justice cases handled in Texas. In 2004, the man was charged with the murder of his three young children by arson. In Death by Fire, the PBS crew provides an analysis of the case, with the focus...
Introduction The U.S. v. Dzhokhar A. Tsarnaev case is widely known since the explosions of the homemade bombs planted by Dzhokhar and Tamerlane Tsarnaev at the Boston Marathon killed and injured many people. Advocates of Dzhokhar, who was sentenced to death, subsequently filed an appeal upheld on July 31, 2020...
The Supreme Court is the highest judicial instance in the United States, with Justices appointed by the President with the Senate’s approval. The appointment lasts for life and can only be interrupted by voluntary registration or impeachment. Recently, the need for reforms has been increasingly discussed. Many people believe that...
Introduction The rate of juvenile crimes especially in males seems to be rising and the trend has had many innocent people affected by these crimes. A juvenile has been defined as a person who has not attained the age of 18. Surveys conducted indicate that approximately 2 million juveniles are...
Introduction Stress is tension in a person’s mind or any part of the body, which is as a result of physical, chemical or emotional factors. Research studies have shown that, there are numerous stressors in the corrections officer’s (C.O.) working environment, that is, in the jails and prisons. This correctional...
Sykes identified three key factors and events associated with them to explain the emergence of conflict theory in science and its spread. These factors are associated with a change in the United States’ political context, which led to people’s doubts and criticism of authorities’ decisions and words. These factors distinguished...
Introduction In 2018, after the shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida, the state authorities decided to introduce new requirements stated in a law that aims to protect school safety (Ochoa, 2018). Some schools, referring to the new law accepted by the state, decided to ask for...
Description and Analysis of the History of State and Federal Prisons The state prison system can be traced back to the 1800s when Sing Sing prison was built (Gil, 2010, par 2). This is one of the oldest state prisons. The state prison consists of a network of prisons that...
Introduction The Waco attacks or rather what is famously referred to as the Waco shooting is a historical incident that took place in Texas; a state in the United States of America from 28th of February to the 4th day of April 1993. The Waco shooting historically dates back to...
Introduction The whole aspect of medical facilities in prisons is a very complex issue that needs to be evaluated and looked at critically for sustainability. This therefore brings us to the issue of whether prisons in the US should continue to have their own medical facilities or be charged fees...
Introduction This paper reports a case surrounding operations and enforcement imposed against ‘Acme Hydrocarbons Ltd’ following their violations of COSHH standards about the environmental laws. Upon the receipt of the memo, Mr. Patrick the line manager of the company requested me to appropriately advice his company based on the findings...
Facts Together with fellow inmates in a Nebraska prison, Mr. Wolf initiated a lawsuit, accusing the prison staff of violating due process in the 14th Amendment clause. Wolff protested the way prison authorities handled the inspection of confidential mail between prisoners and their lawyers. During the proceedings, the district court...
Intellectual property law is a legitimate concept that deals with legal property rights such as copyrights, industrial design rights, patents, trade secrets, trademarks and any other creations of the mind whether artistic or commercial and their related rights. Under this law, anybody who holds either of these rights is entitled...
Introduction One of the greatest challenges in the world today is the problem of insecurity. This problem is gradually getting out of hand because of an increasing number of criminal cases. Crime can be defined as “the breach of rules or laws for which some governing authority (via mechanisms such...
Introduction Providing a quick and reasonable trial is an individual right that all judicial systems must ensure they achieve in whatever circumstances. Although many judicial systems struggle to achieve this, many cases handled by their courts have been great impediments in achieving this; hence, the application of plea-bargaining as a...
The Sherman Act The per se illegality are violations that are against section 1 of the Sherman act. The violation covers conspiracies, trust or agreements of trade. In the per se illegality, further inquiries are not needed. However, for the MTL, further inquiries should be carried out to establish the...
Student Name Professor Name Course Unit Date Contract Law Cases Charlie v. Best Bargain Issue Will Charlie prevail against Best Bargain Stores after he was denied a General Electric Smart Front Load Washer for $1.00 that was advertised? Rule of Law Advertisements made to the public normally do not amount...
Introduction The issues of the freedom of speech raised in the social sphere, as a rule, cause a great public resonance and become the subject of active discussion. The First Amendment, which is the constitutional guarantor, often becomes a key aspect affecting the adoption of specific decisions by courts. As...
Introduction During an undisputed judgment delivered in the year 1942, the Supreme Court of the United States defended President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s appeal to charge several German terrorists through military commission (Sloss 354). Through this, the saboteurs were deprived of trial in federal courts. The eight saboteurs were found responsible...
In this article, Charley Reese provides his opinion on the adoption of hate crime legislation. Reviewing the particularities of such laws, he identifies their possible consequences for society in general. The use of foreign countries with similar regulations already implemented demonstrates their pitfalls and substantiates his negative attitude towards it....
Introduction Victimless crimes refers to category of felonies that involve one or more than one person through consensual agreement which results to no direct injury or loss, more importantly these crimes do not interfere with other people’s rights in any way. They are therefore referred as victimless crimes because no...
Introduction The death penalty and its appropriateness from the moral viewpoint present the topics associated with debate and the diversity of opinions for decades. Since the issue involves ethical considerations, there is no unity of views among specialists that deal with criminal cases regularly. This essay is aimed at discussing...
In the USA, there are state courts and federal courts, which operate in parallel, but the personnel and the cases do not distribute equally. Most criminal and civil cases are sent to the state courts, while the federal courts have limited competencies. This paper describes the typical state court system...
Exclusionary Rule The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution protects American citizens against illegal evidence collections methods that are against their rights. The exclusionary rule has become a common doctrine that discourages the criminal justice system and the government from relying on information gathered in an acceptable manner. Many...
Professionals drawn into sectors related to criminal justice encounter several ethical problems. Ethical codes assist in identifying and illustrating principled behavior in any profession, including the criminal justice occupation is wanting. Law enforcers, like any other human, formulate decisions that are scrutinized under ethical standards by a third party (Vermeule...
Involvement of Children and Adolescents in Justice System during the First Half of the 20th Century The juvenile justice system was developed to specifically address the legal and judicial matters associated with minors below 18 years. It was first established in Chicago, Illinois, in 1899 to oversee cases related to...
Introduction The United States has one of the very elaborate criminal justice structures with each component playing crucial and peculiar roles. An analysis of these components indicates that they are interrelated and hence form what is commonly referred to as criminal justice system (Wadman, 2009). They are designed to complement...
Introduction The origin of the common law in UK can be said to be from the 11th century when William I established Royal Courts to apply a common or uniform system of law in UK. Earlier, there was a deviation or variance in law or there had been a different...
Behaviour Theory Behavior theory tries to evaluate human behavior through conditioning. It links the aspect of free will, deed, reward, and punishment to evaluate human behavior as an individual relates with the surroundings. It was initially coiled by John B. Watson and Ivan Pavlov, who observed human behavior through experiments....
Introduction Plea bargaining is a form of agreement in a criminal case; the prosecutor usually gives the defendant a chance to plead guilty since there are possibilities that if the defendant claims guilty to the crime, he may be granted a less charge than a maximum sentence (Kelly, 2004). Discussion...
Discussion The study investigated the chances of recidivism among sex criminals even after rehabilitation and found that irrespective of the rehabilitation program a convict went through while in prison very many other factors came to play for example the age of the victim, gender, race, ethnicity among others. For instance,...
The selected TED talk video triggers feelings of sympathy, surprise, and disgust. The viewer appreciates the fact that many officers in law enforcement fail to promote equality and offer personalized support to the individuals they are expected to protect. Racism remains a major dilemma in the policing sector that affects...
Juvenile delinquency has been discussed thoroughly in the United States in the last decades. There have been several notorious cases of juvenile crime in the history of this country. Some of the most famous of them are the high school shooting in the small town of Columbine and the shooting...
Introduction The concept of a mature minor is a regulatory law that permits emancipated minors to act as mature people when receiving health care services. The concept allows minors to have a say in the methods of treatment that their physicians perform on them. In most cases, minor patients are...
