Athens was one of the leading cities in Ancient Greece. Its power and influence made it the leader of the Delian League, which opposed Sparta in the Peloponnesian War. The conflict ended with Athens’ defeat’; however, its citizens demonstrated unique values that can be better understood by analyzing Pericles’ speeches. For instance, during the burials of men who were the first to die in the war, he compared opposing parties. He said, “our constitution is called a democracy because power is in the hands not of a minority but of the whole people” (p. 145). It is one of the most significant ideas emphasized by Pericles. Opposing the oligarchy in Sparta, Athenians fought for their rights and way of living, allowing everyone to participate in the state’s functioning. It became an important aspect of inspiring them and motivating them to oppose enemies.
Moreover, Pericles outlined the difference in views on military security as another core factor. He stated, “our city is open to the world, and we have no periodical deportations in order to prevent people from observing or finding our secrets” (p. 146). It is another vital phrase showing Athenian values and the way of living. Being a city of thinkers who appreciate democratic values, Athens was also open to the world and ready to welcome everyone to promote cultural exchange and build new ties. It was a fundamental aspect of its fast evolution and development. However, people also valued “courage and manliness” as virtues essential for protecting the motherland (p. 144). In such a way, Pericles’ speeches helped to understand Athenian values and how people viewed the conflict with Sparta during the Peloponnesian War.