Introduction
To find relevant literature on the PICOT topic, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Embase databases were used. MEDLINE is a database maintained by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) that contains references to journal articles, mostly in the field of biomedicine. PubMed is a subset of MEDLINE, although it includes more book and chapter references and has a broader subject focus. Embase is a biological bibliographic database that comprises journal papers published since 1947 and gives information based on regulatory medication selection standards. To boost the sensitivity of the search, the search phrases contained keywords related to the PICOT query while conducting exhaustive database searches. The keywords were “standardized use of BIS during anesthesia,” “BIS monitoring,” and “BIS monitoring in prevention of unintended awareness.” For updating previously published systematic reviews, date limitations were set on the database when looking for relevant material.
Discussion
The inclusion criteria for the databases were the exposure of interest, reported outcomes, and publication type. First, as the PICOT question investigates medical issues, the authors need to have the medical knowledge to be considered for inclusion. Second, the inclusion of the study may depend on whether specific outcomes of relevance have been reported promptly and consistently. Third, the original studies were mainly sought as a piece of research evidence in this systematic review. The geographic location of the study was taken as an exclusion criterion, as the PICOT question examines the general topic and does not limit the geographic location.
Overall, 10 published articles and reviews were found to address the PICOT question. Gao et al. (2018) examined the use of bispectral index monitoring (BIS) in an intraoperative setting in their published meta-analysis article. Gruber et al. (2022), Lee et al. (2019), Shetty et al. (2018) qualitative studies and Tasbihgou et al.’s (2017) narrative review also use their published observational results for the research. In their research articles, Lewis et al. (2019) and Akavipat et al. (2021) used the quantitative research method as the research evidence for their studies. In their review article, Oliveira et al. (2017) studied the benefits of using BIS monitoring in a perioperative setting based on a meta-analysis and systematic review.
Conclusion
The paper investigated the efficiency of BIS monitoring in their published systematic meta-analysis and used quantitative and observational results to examine the issue. Meantime, a published qualitative study conducted by Li et al. (2018) studied the evaluation of using BIS monitoring compared to standard monitoring practices in an intraoperative setting.
References
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