It is worth noting that congestive heart failure is a pathology in which a patient experiences a violation in the circulation of oxygen. The heart of the individual cannot pump blood effectively, which leads to its status. With this pathology, the patient needs systematic monitoring and medical supervision from the side of the nurses and other personnel (Van Riet et al., 2016). The task of nurses is not only to provide care but also to educate and support senior patients to ensure their health-related needs are addressed effectively. The purpose of this paper is to perform a literature review on the topic and provide the desired methodology.
Literature Review
The development of congestive heart failure may be caused by various factors. These may include a rupture of a vessel, lesions that prevent the opening of heart valves, which also narrow atrioventricular openings of large vessels, blood regurgitation, and so on (Van Riet et al., 2016). Regardless of the mechanism of development, congestive heart failure is characterized by a decrease in the cardiac minute volume or by vein flow stagnation or both (Holden, Schubert, & Mickelson, 2015).
According to the existing evidence, the goal of nursing care is to implement measures that will reduce the severity of symptoms that affect the quality of life of senior patients (Vedel & Khanassov, 2015). Studies suggest that nurses should limit the patient’s physical activity reasonably and instruct them about the correct regimen (Moore, 2016; Otto, 2016).
Methodology and Design
The research will be implemented in several steps and will follow a qualitative design. In particular, it will be necessary to check the latest evidence and insights available from medical databases and online resources. After that, the findings will be reinforced through a population-based retrospective study (Gray, Grove, & Sutherland, 2017). It is crucial to carry out naturalistic observations and collect data from interviews to either prove or invalidate the evidence found from the recent research. The investigator intends to gather data on the cost-effective and recommended treatment routines as applied to senior patients suffering from congestive heart failure.
The latest research in the field suggests that the psychological support of the patient by the nursing personnel may significantly improve the quality of their life. Therefore, there is an evident need for detailed research in that area. The gathered data will allow retrospectively assessing associations between different factors and aspects of congestive heart failure and its effects on the well-being of senior patients (Gray et al., 2017). Data linkage will be employed to evaluate the use of nursing care and hospital services.
Sampling Methodology
Sampling methodology will be refined in the course of carrying out the research project. The rationale behind this decision centers on the fact that the investigator will be able to determine the accurate sample size after the past health records and online resources have been analyzed. It is necessary to study comprehensively medical databases first and then follow the identified best practice as applied to this specific chronic condition in senior patients (Gray et al., 2017).
It is important that similar research designs recommend having a sample of around 800 patients since this sample will be adequate enough for drawing statistically reliable conclusions. In the current project, the investigator plans to study and compare different data types and apply the method of systematic sampling (Gray et al., 2017). The inclusion criteria, as applied to the project, imply that both males and females that belong to the group of senior patients will be invited to participate in the study.
Necessary Tools
It is important that the study does not require the use of multiple tools. In the course of the project implementation, it will be necessary to use instruments for the input of primary information and its processing. The results will be transferred in Microsoft Word in the form of tables, texts, and graphs (Gray et al., 2017). In addition, such tools as SPSS will be used during the analytical process. This program allows planning, collecting data, analyzing it, and creating reports in the form convenient for the researcher.
Algorithm
The research project will be carried out using the following algorithm:
- The researcher will study the evidence available in online sources and medical databases;
- The articles will be selected based on the inclusion criteria;
- The evidence will be processed, and the sample size for the next stage will be determined;
- Naturalistic observations will be carried out in the selected location (Gray et al., 2017);
- Data from interviews will be collected to either prove or invalidate the evidence found in the recent research (Gray et al., 2017);
- Data on the cost-effective and recommended treatment options will be determined;
- The researcher will compile a comprehensive study, proofread it, and send it for evaluation.
Conclusion
Thus, it can be concluded that the research on congestive heart failure in senior patients will be carried out in several steps to make it credible and comprehensive. Despite the existing evidence available on the topic, it is crucial to study the role of nursing care in improving the well-being of patients. The research will be qualitative in nature and will combine the evidence found from the available online resources and further be reinforced through naturalistic observations.
References
Gray, J. R., Grove, S. K., & Sutherland, S. (2017). Burns and Grove are the practice of nursing research: Appraisal, synthesis, and generation of evidence (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.
Holden, R. J., Schubert, C. C., & Mickelson, R. S. (2015). The patient work system: An analysis of self-care performance barriers among elderly heart failure patients and their informal caregivers. Applied Ergonomics, 47, 133-150.
Moore, J. A. M. (2016). Evaluation of the efficacy of a nurse practitioner-led home-based congestive heart failure clinical pathway. Home Health Care Services Quarterly, 35(1), 39-51.
Otto, C. M. (2016). Heartbeat: Detection of arrhythmias in older adults with falls and syncope. Heart, 102(9), 651-652.
Van Riet, E. E. S., Hoes, A. W., Wagenaar, K. P., Limburg, A., Landman, M. A. J., & Rutten, F. H. (2016). Epidemiology of heart failure: The prevalence of heart failure and ventricular dysfunction in older adults over time. A systematic review. European Journal of Heart Failure, 18(3), 242-252.
Vedel, I., & Khanassov, V. (2015). Transitional care for patients with congestive heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Annals of Family Medicine, 13(6), 562-571.