Reliability and validity can demonstrate and link the thoroughness of research procedures and the veracity of study findings. Reliability and validity are often used in the research to ensure that data are reliable and reproducible, as well as the results’ accuracy. In quantitative research, the amount of variation in a measured score attributable to the underlying score is known as reliability (Roberts et al., 2006). In other words, reliability is used to evaluate the degree to which a study tool consistently produces the same results when used repeatedly in the same circumstances. Meanwhile, validity is the degree to which a measure correctly the notion it claims to assess (Roberts et al., 2006). Achieving high validity is crucial for research to be taken seriously and to ensure there is no doubt about the data’s integrity.
The main difference between leadership and management is that management entails controlling a group or a collection of entities to achieve a goal. In contrast, leadership is the capacity to persuade and inspire others to contribute to the success of an organization (Northouse, 2021). For example, in an organizational structure, all the employees are the managers, who are responsible for the management and work of the company. Meantime, the company’s CEO is a leader because they inspire and motivate the employers to work toward achieving the organization’s goals.
The trait approach suggests that businesses will function more effectively if workers in managerial positions have detailed leadership profiles (Northouse, 2021). Its strengths focus more on the leader and their characteristics than on the circumstances or the followers. However, this approach is criticized because it overlooks the events and cannot predict the leader’s behavior in different situations. The skills approach also focuses on the leader rather than the employers. Still, its main difference from the trait approach is that it stresses the talents, knowledge, and skills required for effective leadership (Northouse, 2021). Strengths of the skills approach include its emphasis on the value of building leadership skills (Northouse, 2021). Despite this, the skills approach has been criticized for having poor predictive value and being outside the purview of leadership.
References
Roberts, P., Priest, N., & Traynor, M. (2006). Reliability and validity in research. Nursing Standard, 20(44), 41-46. Web.
Northouse, P. (2021). Leadership: Theory and practice (9th ed.). Sage Publications.