Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion

Introduction and assumptions

The paper will analyze the relationship between the highest level of education, labor force status and the number of hours worked in a week. The paper will concentrate on estimating the measures of central tendency and dispersion (Arnold, 2011). The data will be collected from NORC at the University of Chicago website which provides data on the general social survey (NORC at the University of Chicago, 2015). Further, the data will cover the period between 1972 and 2014. The analysis will be based on assumption that the level of education has a direct impact on labor force status and number of hours worked (Verbeek, 2008; Baltagi, 2011).

Data set and SPSS results

The variables that will be analyzed are labor force status, number of hours worked in a week, and the highest degree attained by the respondent (Bade & Parkin, 2013).

Discussion of results

Mean, median, and mode

The mean value of labor force status is 3.06. The average number of hours worked per week is 39.20 and the mean value for highest degree is 1.33 (­Green & Salkind, 2014). The median labor force status is working part time. Further, the median number of hours worked in a week 40. The median value of the highest degree is 1. It represents LT high school. The modal labor force status is working full time while the modal number of hours worked in a week is 40. Finally, LT high school is the modal highest degree (Field, 2013).

Minimum, maximum, and range

The minimum value of labor force status is 1 while the maximum value is 8. The values can be attributed to the coding of the various labor force status. This yields a range of 7. The minimum number of hours worked in a week is 0 while the maximum number is 89 (Greene, 2011). The resulting value of range is 89. Further, the minimum value of highest degree is 0 while the maximum value is 4. The resulting range is 4. The values are attributed to the coding of the different levels of degree (Frankfort-­Nachmias & Nachmias, 2008).

Standard deviation

The number of hours worked has the highest standard deviation of 13.608, followed by labor force status with a value of 2.455. Highest degree has the least value of standard deviation with a value of 1.167 (Mankiw, 2011).

Results

Summary of descriptive statistics

Statistics
LABOR FORCE STATUS NUMBER OF HOURS USUALLY WORK A WEEK RS HIGHEST DEGREE
N Valid 59583 1130 59434
Missing 16 58469 165
Mean 3.06 39.20 1.33
Median 2.00 40.00 1.00
Mode 1 40 1
Std. Deviation 2.455 13.608 1.167
Range 7 89 4
Minimum 1 0 0
Maximum 8 89 4
Sum 182104 44295 79094

Frequency

LABOR FORCE STATUS
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid WORKING FULLTIME 29437 49.4 49.4 49.4
WORKING PARTTIME 6115 10.3 10.3 59.7
TEMP NOT WORKING 1253 2.1 2.1 61.8
UNEMPL, LAID OFF 1977 3.3 3.3 65.1
RETIRED 8102 13.6 13.6 78.7
SCHOOL 1841 3.1 3.1 81.8
KEEPING HOUSE 9650 16.2 16.2 98.0
OTHER 1208 2.0 2.0 100.0
Total 59583 100.0 100.0
Missing NA 16 .0
Total 59599 100.0
RS HIGHEST DEGREE
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid LT HIGH SCHOOL 12997 21.8 21.9 21.9
HIGH SCHOOL 30556 51.3 51.4 73.3
JUNIOR COLLEGE 3256 5.5 5.5 78.8
BACHELOR 8474 14.2 14.3 93.0
GRADUATE 4151 7.0 7.0 100.0
Total 59434 99.7 100.0
Missing DK 30 .1
NA 135 .2
Total 165 .3
Total 59599 100.0

Histogram

Labor Force Status
Number of hours usually work a week
RS Highest degree

References

Arnold, R. (2011). Economics. USA: Cengage Learning.

Bade, R., &Parkin, M. (2013). Essential foundations of economics. USA: Pearson Education.

Baltagi, B. (2011). Econometrics. New York: Springer Publishers.

Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics. London: SAGE Publication.

Frankfort-­Nachmias, C., & Nachmias, D. (2008). Research methods in the social sciences (7th ed.). New York: Worth.

­Green, S. B., & Salkind, N. J. (2014). Using SPSS for Windows and Macintosh: Analyzing and understanding data (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.

Greene, W. (2011). Econometric analysis. NJ, USA: Pearson Education.

Mankiw, G. (2011). Principles of economics. USA: South-Western Cengage Learning.

NORC at the University of Chicago. (2015). General social survey – get the data. Web.

Verbeek, M. (2008). A guide to modern econometrics. England: John Wiley & Sons.

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StudyCorgi. 2022. "Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion." April 16, 2022. https://studycorgi.com/measures-of-central-tendency-and-dispersion/.

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