Caring for patients with such symptoms as obesity, high blood pressure, and other manifestations of an unhealthy lifestyle requires a wide range of laboratory tests. The causes of specific manifestations may be distinctive because individual body systems may function poorly, and to determine the exact prerequisites for the development of diseases, the background of the problem should be determined. The presented case of Mr. C. allows identifying a potential diagnosis and measures aimed to eliminate risk symptoms. Bariatric surgery can be a successful method of intervention and a step that helps reduce excess weight and, consequently, the burden on Mr. C.’s kidneys.
Mr. C.’s Clinical Manifestations
Since Mr. C.’s symptoms are characteristic of several possible diseases, the clinical assessment of his health is an essential aspect to compile a treatment plan. Firstly, the patient’s body mass index exceeds the norm significantly, which affects his health negatively. Secondly, elevated blood glucose and the proportion of cholesterol are manifested when a patient experiences high blood pressure. Swelling caused by poor kidney function is a prerequisite for sleep apnea. The evaluation of the previous clinical tests confirms the absence of metabolic problems. This means that one of the most likely causes of all the manifestations of health issues is impaired kidney function.
Potential Health Risks
The effects of obesity on Mr. C.’s health are dangerous and fraught with a number of related problems. Chang et al. (2017) mention the development of the chronic kidney disease caused by being overweight. In addition, high blood pressure has a detrimental effect on the functioning of the heart and blood vessels, which can lead to premature death. Chang et al. (2017) state that, in this case, bariatric surgery is a potentially effective measure to eliminate the issues described. In particular, this intervention may help reduce weight and normalize blood pressure. Neglecting clinical manifestations, in turn, can lead to the worsening of Mr. C.’s health.
Functional Health Patterns
The assessment of Mr. C.’s functional health patterns can help identify real or potential problems. The patient’s health perception is critical, which allows involving him in treatment and conveying the significance of specific interventions. However, health management is weak: Mr. C. controls the consumption of food, but he does not take any other measures, and this, as Anjum et al. (2016) argue, can aggravate kidney problems. The patient’s nutritional and metabolic patterns are impaired despite clinically confirmed normal metabolism. Blood cholesterol and glucose levels confirm the risk of heart attack and early death. No data on sexual-reproductive and coping-stress tolerance patterns are given. In relation to the sleep-rest factor, apnea has dangerous consequences and may cause strangulation. The self-perception pattern is positive since Mr. C. is aware of the importance of the intervention. Nevertheless, the elimination factor does not manifest itself properly, and this threatens health with complications, for instance, poor intervention outcomes. The patient does not provide information about the activity-exercise pattern, and a sedentary lifestyle is fraught with even more weight gain. Finally, the role-relationship factor is also not expressed and cannot be taken into account.
Staging of End-Stage Renal Disease
The staging of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) explains the severity of the illness and factors to consider. As Proczko et al. (2019) note, at an early phase, resolving related issues, such as being overweight or excess cholesterol, can help prevent complications. However, according to the authors, at a late stage, interventions should be more serious, and bariatric surgery is one of the potentially effective measures (Proczko et al., 2019). Moreover, surgery may be an interim solution before transplanting a diseased organ. Therefore, the timely assessment of health factors and the elimination of symptoms are crucial aspects.
Prevention and Health Promotion Opportunities
Bariatric surgery that Mr. C. is seeking is a potentially successful preventive measure. According to Chang et al. (2017), this intervention “might help prevent progression to ESRD” (p. 261). Proczko et al. (2019), in turn, suggest paying attention to a special recovery protocol that involves special measures to promote health after a corresponding surgical intervention. As a type of education to provide to Mr. C., nursing staff can refer to joint training and courses aimed to reduce weight and normalize eating habits. Such programs can help improve a diet and lose weight, thereby preventing the deterioration of renal status.
Resources Available for ESRD Patients
As resources available for ESRD patients, appropriate medications may be prescribed. For non-acute care, patients can take supportive drug complexes, and a diet may be offered according to individual health indicators. The type of multidisciplinary approach involves consultations with medical professionals since, as Chang et al. (2017) argue, this practice helps patients lose weight without harming their body systems. In addition, people diagnosed with ESRD should take into account self-help aspects and coordinate living conditions. Special devices for controlling weight and blood pressure are useful tools. The use of public transport should be minimized in favor of walking. A sedentary lifestyle is unacceptable; therefore, any employment issues are to be adapted to the status of health. At the same time, working with such a diagnosis is possible, but following the instructions of medical specialists is necessary.
Conclusion
For Mr. C., bariatric surgery is a potentially effective intervention to eliminate the dangerous symptoms of ESRD and normalize well-being. The evaluation of functional health patterns allows arguing about significant risks. Special preventive and supportive programs can help Mr. C. eliminate dangerous symptoms and establish a healthy lifestyle. Appropriate available resources and a multidisciplinary approach can be offered as additional measures to reduce weight and address risks.
References
Anjum, S., Muzaale, A. D., Massie, A. B., Bae, S., Luo, X., Grams, M. E., Lentine, K. L., Garg, A. X., & Segev, D. L. (2016). Patterns of end‐stage renal disease caused by diabetes, hypertension, and glomerulonephritis in live kidney donors. American Journal of Transplantation, 16(12), 3540-3547. Web.
Chang, A. R., Grams, M. E., & Navaneethan, S. D. (2017). Bariatric surgery and kidney-related outcomes. Kidney International Reports, 2(2), 261-270. Web.
Proczko, M., Pouwels, S., Kaska, L., & Stepaniak, P. S. (2019). Applying enhanced recovery after bariatric surgery (ERABS) protocol for morbidly obese patients with end-stage renal failure. Obesity Surgery, 29(4), 1142-1147. Web.