Teaching English to Second Language Learners

Introduction

Today’s classrooms provide a diverse environment with increased opportunities for teachers and students to learn. Most often, many institutions across the globe use the English language as a medium of exchange during the instructional processes. As a result, there is a need for the teachers and other instructors to develop a suitable instructional program that suits the students’ language and culture. This would necessitate setting a general education program and resource teachers to build a public education paradigm with adequate literacy knowledge for all cultures in the constantly progressing English language learners globally. The context of culture refers to the learner’s family background, ancestry, education, heritage, political, and individual life, other than the usual ethnic attires, food, language, and music (Gupta, 2019). For instance, the cultural totality’s effectiveness is currently depicted in ESL students, especially when using standardized tests. However, achieving excellence in teaching English as Second Language Learners (ESL) requires adherence to specific principles and practices by teachers and instructors.

Aim of the Study

This paper presents diverse approaches and strategies for making ESL teachers more competent in handling English language learners and English as Second Language speakers. The educational methodologies examined thus remember down to earth and hands-for exercises for educators at any level. Bilingual learning further develops ELLs’ mental improvement as well as their confidence. The paper traces hidden standards for the prescribed procedures with an accentuation on ESL understudies and to other learning circumstances furthermore understudies. Educators can change their educational techniques to change ELL’s advancing necessities. In particular, even though the conversation is outlined regarding ESL understudies in US homerooms, it is appropriate to Show English as a Foreign Language (TEFL) conditions in schools and different learning focuses.

Research Question

Major Research Question

The main research question for this study is to determine the various principles and practices that contribute to preparing teachers and instructors dealing with English language learners and English as second language speakers during the instructional processes.

Minor Research Questions

However, other minor research questions supplement the central question by intriguing more profound findings on the research topic. The questions form part of the interview deployed in the study and distributed to four participants during the research execution. The questions included:

1. What is the nature of the learners’ classroom? Is there cultural diversification or not?
2. How easy or difficult is it to teach such a class?
3. What are some emerging issues in teaching English as second language speakers and English language learners in such a diversified classroom?
4. What are some of the approaches and strategies teachers and instructors use to handle such a classroom?
5. What are the underlying principles and practices in teaching such classrooms?

Theoretical Review

The inexorably assorted climate of the present study halls gives a rich open door to instructors and understudies to participate in powerful learning (Egamnazarova & Mukhamedova, 2021). With a developing number of English Language Learners worldwide, there is a basic need for general schooling and asset educators to know how to successfully assemble and execute proficiency programs that are comprehensive of understudies’ language and culture. Understanding that culture goes past the information on ethnic clothing, music, food, and language; it incorporates the all-out being, involved the entirety of the understudy’s experience, legacy, family, instructive, political, and life (Egamnazarova & Mukhamedova, 2021). The significance of showing ESL understudies is essential in the current environment with expanding responsibility via understudy execution on normalized tests (Moses & Mohamad, 2019). ESL understudies are relied upon to be on grade level capability within three years, and instructors are held responsible for their learning.

As instructors, one can comprehend that ESL understudies need to try harder in school, not learn new data and get familiar with the academic language of the school. ESLs face twofold crafted by local English speakers (Egamnazarova & Mukhamedova, 2021). They should learn English, and they should learn educational substances through English. Furthermore, they frequently live in neighbourhoods where the schools are underfunded and are staffed by unpracticed educators (Moses & Mohamad, 2019). On a similar note, instructors of ESL understudies face twofold work of educating centre abilities enrolled in the educational plan to meet the benchmarks and instruct English to non-local speakers. It is a one-two punch (Egamnazarova & Mukhamedova, 2021). The paper proposes essential standards and practices for instructors who work with ESL understudies in their study halls.

It is critical to consider how the school’s way of life facilitates when another ESL understudy goes into the study hall to make a feeling of having a place. Utilizing an investigation system can be informative and valuable in learning about two societies. There are shared traits and contrasts in changing organizations (Egamnazarova & Mukhamedova, 2021). They connect with guardians by involving a couple of expressions in their local language while hello them can quickly separate the social obstructions between the educators and the guardians. Presently with Google Translate, it tends to be handily finished. Establishing an inviting environment for understudies new to the nation and culture gives the initial phase in sliding into a learning circumstance (Gupta, 2019).

This applied paper depicts instructive systems originating from a hypothetical structure that has advanced second language learning research (Egamnazarova & Mukhamedova, 2021). Research on ESL/ELL systems depends on the discoveries that structure students’ experience by giving conceivable info and various open doors for collaboration is the way to second language capability. These discoveries led to the advancement of many systems based on the design of standards of learning the following language laid out underneath. Seven standards of second language learning have been recognized as essential to effectively educating ESL understudies (Moses & Mohamad, 2019). The standards include; (1) Knowing your understudy and inspiration to get familiar with the following language; (2) Create an inviting study hall climate. 3) Building Background Knowledge; (4) Providing Comprehensible Input by building jargon; (5) Including continued open doors for Interaction and Discussion; (6) Use Multiple Modalities during guidance (Gupta, 2019). Last, (7) Conducting continuous survey and evaluation.

These standards give a premise to fostering a more extensive hypothesis for second language learning. Egamnazarova & Mukhamedova (2021) examines the setting installed language and its viability with ESL students (Egamnazarova & Mukhamedova, 2021). For example, redundancy of study hall schedules gives non-English speakers significant language learning potential open doors since the words and expressions that go with such programs are continually rehashed inside a substantial setting (Egamnazarova & Mukhamedova, 2021). For occasion, a term like ‘restroom’ will turn into a piece of their vocabulary whenever utilized by an instructor on a standard premise each time for a washroom break. Using equivalents or rewording watchwords distinctively builds significance (Moses & Mohamad, 2019). Making a low-stress climate important for understudies to feel prepared to take an interest in a broader social environment gives a less compromising atmosphere for an understudy to face a challenge (Gupta, 2019). Laid-out schedules work with learning as understudies know what to expect and flourish in that climate.

The out-of-school daily living encounters make assets of information that understudies have in their families, what’s more, networks (Egamnazarova & Mukhamedova, 2021). For example, an ESL understudy may not know about the phrasing utilized in science in the study hall or reading material; for example, ‘portions’ or division, however, knows about the idea, in actuality. An instructor will fuse simple guides to join such statements in study hall guidance. Notwithstanding, one can conquer this issue (Gupta, 2019). Separating direction, by permitting understudies to pick how to show their learning or how they need to address the undertakings in light of capacity, accommodates an understudy-focused methodology.

Research shows that inspiration straightforwardly impacts the capability levels of understudies in the objective language (Egamnazarova & Mukhamedova, 2021). Motivation is one of the principal deciding elements in getting a subsequent language. When an instructor attempts to know and find out about an understudy’s experience, it has a significant effect (Moses & Mohamad, 2019). Understudy and family individuals see that they are esteemed by the educational system when an instructor endeavors to say an expression or only a single word in the student’s home language; it assists with loosening things up. Simply having the option to make proper acquaintance in another language is to the point of making somebody grin (Egamnazarova & Mukhamedova, 2021). An instructor’s endeavor to utilize your understudy’s language furthermore, a craving to associate with the other’s way of life delivers gigantic profits for understudy learning and understudy accomplishment (Gupta, 2019). Presently with innovation and Google interpretation, it has been made altogether simpler to figure out how to articulate a word or, on the other hand, an expression in another dialect (Moses & Mohamad, 2019). An instructor isn’t relied upon to know the different dialects different ESL students speak. Notwithstanding, involving a solitary word or a phrase in another dialect demonstrates the educator’s responsiveness and demeanor towards speakers of other dialects (Gupta, 2019). By itself can have an immense effect in making an understudy well-disposed climate.

Gathering understudies with an excellent and reliable accomplice can assist with directing when the instructor isn’t free (Egamnazarova & Mukhamedova, 2021). This is valuable for the ESL understudy and the accomplice, as both are finding out about one another’s way of life and jargon, or while achievable, welcoming a staff part from the school who communicates in the understudy’s language to work with the understudy (Egamnazarova & Mukhamedova, 2021). Gathering or matching understudies with companions who share a similar language helps the ESL understudy if they do not get what the instructor says. Different understudies ring in to decipher the task in the local language to help them with headings (Moses & Mohamad, 2019). Advancements like Remind and ClassDojo all can decode material for instructors, and educators can print, email, or message the data they need to ship off their guardians as the need should arise. Keeping guidelines straightforward and clear is useful (Moses & Mohamad, 2019). Posting the visual beautiful class plan for an exact spot in the room is functional (Gupta, 2019). Additionally, inspecting it daily as a set routine will support it.

Figure out how to say their name accurately. It has a fantastic effect. Understudies see that you do not just regard their thoughts, contemplations, and information but most of their personality and identity, addressed by their name (Moses & Mohamad, 2019). Educators can connect with their understudies by playing the music from the understudy’s way of life during focus time or short times or by showing books from the nation/culture of understudies in the homeroom (Egamnazarova & Mukhamedova, 2021). Remember that understudies follow the instructor’s tone in the study hall. Understudies notice the verbal mandates and collaborations and the non-verbal signals from the instructor. At last, during formal or casual oral introductions or discussions, instructors might address the substance of what ESL understudies say, if necessary, rather than how they say elocution or language structure (Gupta, 2019). Consistent interferences or remedies will discourage understudies from making noise and sharing their thoughts.

Methodology

This section of the research outlines the procedures to collect the data used in presenting the research report. The analysis derives the findings from the responses given by the four participants. The study adopted a qualitative approach through a structured interview with five main questions. As a result, the interview questions were administered to the participants in questionnaires via social media platforms. The social media platforms provided the safest mode of conducting interviews with highly vulnerable practitioners like teachers regarding the spread of covid-19. WeChat platform provided the most suitable platform as it kept the participant’s information secret to the reader. The participants were named Participant A, Participant B, Participant C, and finally, Participant D. The following questions were administered to each participant, and the responses were tabled.

1. What is the nature of the learners’ classroom? Is there cultural diversification or not?
2. How easy or difficult is it to teach such a class?
3. What are some emerging issues in teaching English as second language speakers and English language learners in such a diversified classroom?
4. What are some of the approaches and strategies teachers and instructors use to handle such a classroom?
5. What are the underlying principles and practices in teaching such classrooms?

Results

The study identified seven principles from the four participants’ responses. Teachers and instructors to ESL and ELL are supposed to maintain regulations and practices such as conducting a continuous review and assessment to the learners, using various modalities during the instruction process, incorporating regular interaction and discussions, providing a blended input through a built vocabulary, promoting background knowledge, creating a welcoming classroom environment, and last, knowing the students individually and encouraging them to learn the second language.

Knowing the individual Student and Motivating them to Learn the Second Language

Perhaps the main thing to do is get to know your understudy with whom you share your homeroom space and time (Egamnazarova & Mukhamedova, 2021). Participant A argued that realizing your understudy will go far in building a solid relationship and holding with them when answering the second question. This information will enormously assist teachers with reacting in an educated manner as they work with their English language students. It is one thing to find out about English language students and examine hypothetical models in the setting of a college homeroom; it is more to work with the understudies straightforwardly and apply what instructors know. In any case, when instructors invest in some opportunity to concentrate on every understudy cautiously, they gain another viewpoint on all their English students (Moses & Mohamad, 2019). Knowing your understudy makes you a superior educator and makes the understudy an excellent student. Educators can acquire shared characteristics that assist with powerful educating and learning by knowing one student. Utilizing the Funds of Knowledge structure is an incredible spot to begin this cycle (Gupta, 2019). The same argument was evident in the responses of participants B, C, and D.

Creating a Welcoming Classroom Environment

A significant stage in assisting ESL understudies with succeeding is building their certainty and solace level by making them feel appreciated in the study hall (Egamnazarova & Mukhamedova, 2021). This delivers incredible profits for scholastic accomplishment as they construct positive associations with their local educational area, instructor, peer, paraprofessionals, asset educators, and other study hall volunteers (Moses & Mohamad, 2019). Making the informative study hall climate inviting and agreeable to understudies is basic in advancing as it assists with building a relationship with ESL understudies. According to Participant D, May there be a feeling of receptiveness; understudies should see the educator as mindful and intelligent that you care about them and need to show up for them (Moses & Mohamad, 2019). A few different ways are to bring a understudies’ way of life into the study hall by utilizing visuals and photos of understudy’s social practice or celebrations or food varieties with marks in the two dialects is a decent beginning. Naming things in the study hall in a few dialects benefits them outwardly. They come to see that their language, legacy, and culture are esteemed. It likewise considers open doors for them to share their way of life (Gupta, 2019). Continuously be predictable and fair with all understudies. The same argument was evident in the responses of participants B, C, and A.

Building Background Knowledge

There is a virtual agreement that foundation information is fundamental for understanding perception. Successful education takes understudies from where they are and drives them to a more significant level of comprehension (Moses & Mohamad, 2019). All students have earlier information acquired from tutoring and educational encounters, and instructors can expand on those encounters. Perusing turns out to be particularly troublesome when youngsters can’t understand because they are inexperienced with a point or topic that is being instructed (Moses & Mohamad, 2019). Enacting earlier information and building new foundation information for ESL understudies is vital for educational advancement. The more perusers know concerning a subject, the simpler it is to peruse a text, get it, and hold the data (Egamnazarova & Mukhamedova, 2021). Past examinations have shown that foundation information assumes a huge part in understanding cognizance.

Providing a blended Input by Building Vocabulary

A viable educator thinks about the ESL understudies’ novel qualities and social parts. The instructor is mindful of the understudy’s requirements and tries to make her verbal correspondence more justifiable in light of the understudy’s semantic necessities (Egamnazarova & Mukhamedova, 2021). Making the message reasonable for understudies is alluded to as Comprehensible Input. ESL understudies need to make the significance of treating the time. Expanding ESL understudies’ investment and commitment paces is finished by expanding comprehensible input. Clear articulation and reiteration and rewording ideas and words help massively on the off chance that the correspondence is at understudies’ capability level (Egamnazarova & Mukhamedova, 2021). Assuming educators see that the informative text that they are utilizing in the study hall is complex for ESL understudies to follow, then, at that point, they can use advances like ‘Rewordify.com,’ which offer free internet based support that further develops perusing, learning, and educating by improving on the intricacy of the text (Moses & Mohamad, 2019). Inadequate foundation information on the objective culture may likewise thwart understudies in getting the importance of the text (Egamnazarova & Mukhamedova, 2021). For example, a text entry on “Groundhog Day” will mean nothing essentially to an understudy from another nation and culture in the US without the proper foundation information. It is a well-known practice celebrated in the US on February second, given the Pennsylvania Dutch notion that assuming a groundhog rising out of its tunnel on this day sees its shadow, then, at that point, winter will endure for six additional weeks (Gupta, 2019). This is essential for social education and earlier information before presenting the subject.

Using various Modalities During Instruction

An instructor who can “deliberately display a wide scope of showing styles is possibly ready to achieve more than an educator whose collection is generally restricted” (Egamnazarova & Mukhamedova, 2021). Because of the accessibility of various foundations of correspondence and learning, creative ways of conveying guidance are advancing. Participant B responds to quest three, claiming that kids tend as generally material/sensation almost immediately, and slowly they foster different qualities, for example, visual and hear-able. Various learning modalities are utilized in the incorporated methodology. Educators can use mixed media and different illustrations to consolidate sites to enhance students’ visual help. Educators use intelligent encouraging styles and other learning modalities to address the issues of their ESL understudies (Egamnazarova & Mukhamedova, 2021). New modalities have changed advanced multimodal stages that current instructors with the chance of giving significant open doors for commitment and inventiveness utilizing different mental, general media faculties and capacity to cooperate.

Conducting continuous Review and Assessment

The appraisal is a fundamental part of any informative practice to assess its adequacy. It must be developmental, straight rather than a summative, a single shot assessment (Egamnazarova & Mukhamedova, 2021). It is a two-dimensional cycle by which instructors can do self-appraisal, intentionally thinking about how they are instructing and treating’s an evaluation to find out what they are learning. It gives a powerful method for observing understudies’ advancement and making changes (Villegas et al., 2018). It very well may be a formal or casual assessment to follow an understudy’s advancement and comprehension. Learning ought to be evaluated consistently (Participant A). Educators should keep their put down the account of understudy connections and capacities (Villegas et al., 2018). Understudies should be surveyed on what they have instructed and pertinent to the grade level substance. Utilize numerous modalities to evaluate understudies – utilizing outlines, visuals, oral and composed parts – helps the general openness of understudy work.

Numerous evaluations ought to be used (Villegas et al., 2018). For example, instructors can use understudies’ scores from the earlier years, current grades from perusing and composing, and classwork and perceptions to figure out where an understudy is scholastic (Participant C). Simultaneously, educators can follow any lawful facilities and utilize proficient decisions in light of the appraisal results and their creating information on understudies to give quality guidance (Hussain, Salam & Farid, 2020). Instructors can likewise instruct understudies to self-screen by utilizing instructor gave rubrics. Understudies can be better students and work on their insight and abilities when they ponder what they are realizing (Gupta, 2019). By making a stride back from the learning system, the two instructors and understudies can unbiasedly view the advancement.

Discussion

With an ever-expanding number of ESL understudies, educators and informative pioneers should be mindful of robust ESL training procedures to help this populace in their study halls. We have discussed strategies that address different learning styles (sound, visual, sensation, material) through other modalities. To begin with, demonstrating how understudies are relied upon to treat given another errand or ability is extraordinarily useful to them. Rather than guiding the understudies, showing advances more grounded learning and higher self-assurance. Likewise, talking gradually helps understudy perception. Giving stand-by time bears the cost of them a valuable chance to think and process before reacting. Utilization of visuals, signals, PowerPoint slides, web recordings, voice articulation, pitch, and non-verbal communication as non-verbal signs empowers a superior comprehension of the headings and the substance.

A different system includes building up understudy perception by adhering to verbal guidelines with composed directions. All directions should be unmistakable. Establishing a low-stress climate is essential for understudies to feel prepared to take an interest in a more significant social scene; it additionally gives a less compromising environment that works with hazard taking by the understudies. Laid-out schedules work with learning, as understudies know what’s in store and start to flourish in that climate. In study hall settings, including a friend who communicates in a comparable first language and is additionally able in the following wording can be a resolve and inspiration supporter for different students. ESL understudies are complete individuals from the local homeroom area. It is essential to tell them that they are relied upon to learn and work like every other person in the homeroom. Learning another dialect is a need, not an inability. Considering these standards, an educator can assume a colossal part in accomplishing the ESL understudies.

Conclusion

Therefore, the paper presented diverse approaches and strategies for making ESL teachers more competent in handling English language learners and English as Second Language speakers. The educational methodologies examined thus remember down to earth and hands-for exercises for educators at any level. Bilingual learning further develops ELLs’ mental improvement as well as their confidence. The paper traces hidden standards for the prescribed procedures with an accentuation on ESL understudies and to other learning circumstances furthermore understudies. Educators can change their educational techniques to change ELL’s advancing necessities. In particular, even though the conversation is outlined regarding ESL understudies in US homerooms, it is appropriate to Show English as a Foreign Language (TEFL) conditions in schools and different learning focuses. The study identified principles and practices such as conducting a continuous review and assessment to the learners, using various modalities during the instruction process, incorporating regular interaction and discussions, providing a blended input through a built vocabulary, promoting background knowledge, creating a welcoming classroom environment, and last, knowing the students individually and encouraging them to learn the second language.

References

Egamnazarova, F. A., & Mukhamedova, M. S. (2021). Improving English language listening skills. Academic research in educational sciences, 2(Special Issue 1), 28-32.

Gupta, A. (2019). Principles and Practices of Teaching English Language Learners. International Education Studies, 12(7), 49-57.

Hussain, M. S., Salam, A., & Farid, A. (2020). Students’ motivation in English language learning (ELL): An exploratory study of motivational factors for EFL and ESL adult learners. International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature, 9(4), 15-28.

Moses, R. N., & Mohamad, M. (2019). Challenges students and teachers face on writing skills in ESL Contexts: A literature review. Creative Education, 10(13), 3385-3391.

Villegas, A. M., SaizdeLaMora, K., Martin, A. D., & Mills, T. (2018, April). Preparing future mainstream teachers to teach English language learners: A review of the empirical literature. The Educational Forum (Vol. 82, No. 2, pp. 138-155). Routledge.