Introduction
In order to provide comprehensive care, junior medical personnel uses various nursing models aimed at meeting specific patient needs and differing in the nature of interventions. For personnel working in intensive conditions, it is essential to have appropriate approaches that allow responding to any changes in the behavior of those who need help quickly and effectively. As one of the theories that are actively used in modern nursing practice, Dorothy Johnson’s behavioral model may be considered. Its provisions correspond to the modern standards of care and allow working with those patients who cannot cope with a particular ailment independently. Johnson’s theory is one of the successful approaches used in medicine, which puts it on a par with other outstanding nursing theories.
Nursing Care Model
Johnson’s model is one of those theories that are applied to patients with behavioral and psychiatric disorders. Despite the fact that nurses who adhere to this approach are able to provide comprehensive assistance to all who need it, the most urgent area is departments for people who find themselves in difficult living conditions. Based on the experience gained in one of the medical settings, the nursing staff was the main stakeholders, and they provided the delivery of care in accordance with the peculiarities of the model under consideration. During the observation of employees’ work, the patients of the department of mental disorders received all necessary assistance that they needed. Nurses sought to find an individual approach to each person and to bring him or her back to normal life through conversations and procedures. Meetings were held regularly, and such frequency proved that it was Johnson’s theory that was the key mechanism for helping patients with mental disorders and deviant behavior.
Academic Resources Related to the Model Observed
In order to assess the effectiveness of Johnson’s model in practice, it is possible to observe some academic sources related to this theory and describing its features. For instance, Liu, Burke, Abramson, and Alloy (2018) consider this nursing approach in the context of caring for adolescents with bipolar disorders. According to the authors, “bipolar spectrum disorders (BSDs) can be severe mental illnesses that typically follow a chronic course, with a 50% relapse rate within the first year and 70% within five years” (Liu et al., 2018, p. 1333). The use of Johnson’s model for the care of such patients requires nurses’ constant involvement and their work to restore young people’s normal behavioral responses. The psychic of adolescents is vulnerable, and this theory can be successful as a mechanism for controlling patients’ reactions to external factors and circumstances. Thus, the application of the model in this context is justified and is one of the valuable tools for helping young people with mental disorders.
Another academic article is devoted to the review of Johnson’s model as a theory that affects nursing practice in general. Bluhm (2014) notes that the importance of this approach for nursing practice is significant. The work of junior medical personnel is the field that is “responsible for creating the constantly increasing body of knowledge upon which its service depends” (Bluhm, 2014, p. 252). At the same time, the application of this model can be extensive, which makes it the unique means of providing comprehensive assistance to patients with mental and behavioral abnormalities. Therefore, this theory can be considered an instrument for achieving positive care outcomes through the ever-expanding nursing knowledge base.
Academic Resources Related to Another Model
The model considered in the healthcare setting is not the only one, and some other theories can also be used to solve various care problems. For example, Orem’s self-deficiency approach is the technique that allows providing necessary assistance to those patients who have temporarily or regularly disabilities. This model differs from the previous one and is aimed at implementing other patient outcomes. According to Wong, Ip, Choi, and Lam (2015), “a person initiates and performs self-care for maintaining life, healthful functioning, and well-being” (p. 220). However, if it is not possible to fulfill everyday needs, a person has to resort to the help of those who can provide support. In the authors’ article, adolescents are referred to as a target group, but the focus is on self-deficit behaviors (Wong et al., 2015). As a result, the conclusion is suggested that Orem’s theory is one of the valuable mechanisms that help nurses to support patients experiencing difficulties in fulfilling daily natural needs.
Another academic resource considers Orem’s model in the context of care not for young but elderly patients. As a healthcare issue, working with people suffering from chronic kidney disease is suggested. O’shaughnessy (2014), the author of this article, argues that “applying Orem’s theory of self-care to the elderly should bring about positive therapy outcomes” (p. 495). It is assumed that older adults are more inclined to need help in fulfilling daily needs that young. Therefore, the concept of self-care deficit proposed by Dorothy Orem is the means of achieving positive patient outcomes through nurses’ active involvement in the lives of people with disabilities and helping them in fulfilling their natural needs.
Possible Nursing Care Model
Johnson’s model observed in the healthcare setting may be used to combat the deviant behavior of people with the unbalanced psyche. Nurses talked to those people who had difficulties with socialization and could not perceive the surrounding reality comprehensively. The theory was based on helping patients through the direct involvement of junior medical professionals to support people with mental disorders in order to overcome the crisis and contribute to individuals’ natural adaptation in the society.
There is a nursing model that has similar goals and the ways of implementation. It is Roy’s adaptation theory that implies combating stressors negatively affecting the mental health of patients. According to Jennings (2017), “the environment is defined as all conditions, circumstances, and influences that surround and affect the development and behavior of humans as adaptive systems” (p. 372). The impact of various irritants can provoke disruption in the perception of reality, and this model makes it possible to provide patient safety and staff satisfaction. It is partly similar to Johnson’s theory, which allows varying these approaches when helping people.
Conclusion
Johnson’s theory is an effective and successful mechanism to combat patients’ mental disorders, which makes it one of the frequently used techniques in nursing practice. In addition to this approach, there are other concepts that can be either similar to Johnson’s model or differ from it. Orem’s theory is aimed at solving those patient outcomes that are associated with self-care. When comparing similar concepts, Johnson’s and Roy’s models are similar since, in both cases, behavioral disorders are the key objects of interventions. The study of these theories may help to learn how to use different nursing approaches appropriately and apply them in practice effectively.
References
Bluhm, R. L. (2014). The (dis) unity of nursing science. Nursing Philosophy, 15(4), 250-260. Web.
Jennings, K. M. (2017). The Roy adaptation model: A theoretical framework for nurses providing care to individuals with anorexia nervosa. Advances in Nursing Science, 40(4), 370-383. Web.
Liu, R. T., Burke, T. A., Abramson, L. Y., & Alloy, L. B. (2018). The behavioral approach system (BAS) model of vulnerability to bipolar disorder: Evidence of a continuum in BAS sensitivity across adolescence. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 46(6), 1333-1349. Web.
O’shaughnessy, M. (2014). Application of Dorothea Orem’s theory of self-care to the elderly patient on peritoneal dialysis. Nephrology Nursing Journal, 41(5), 495-498.
Wong, C. L., Ip, W. Y., Choi, K. C., & Lam, L. W. (2015). Examining self-care behaviors and their associated factors among adolescent girls with dysmenorrhea: An application of Orem’s self-care deficit nursing theory. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 47(3), 219-227. Web.