Differentiation and the ability to distribute are essential initially for both the parent and the child. The basic formation of cognitive ideas is accompanied by the phenomena of animism, when a child perceives inanimate objects as living with which one can interact. Of the similar systemic errors of children’s perception, one can name egocentrism, that is, the child’s conviction that everyone around him thinks the same way as he does. A caring parent needs to keep all of these developmental features in mind to understand why a child needs to be taught to categorize things. In the same aspect, it is important to take into account the phenomenon of centralization, the child’s tendency to notice the most obvious external signs. The parent should be aware of these thinking patterns and teach the child to overcome them.
The importance of a clear distinction between the stages of a child’s development in the process of his upbringing is a fundamental guarantee of delicate and thoughtful parenting. It is realizing that being a parent is a multi-level work, you can not go with the flow, but choose what kind of parent to become. Parenting is a discipline that includes several branches, from theories of the early stages of a child’s awareness of reality to describe the factors of his gender self-determination and future place in the world. The parent-child relationship is also a fundamental element of this discipline.
Typically, parenting types fall into four distinct categories. Parenting can be permissive, where the pedagogical model is to allow the child to do what he wants. This upbringing has a didactic task, since children learn to solve their problems on their own. Parents of this type appear more as friends for their children than as controlling figures. However, it is necessary to distinguish a permissive parent from an uninvolved parent, since the second type does not imply any type of discipline or participation in the life of the adolescent.
The third and fourth types of parenting may also seem similar, but they need to be distinguished from each other. Authoritative parenting is an upbringing in which a clear and articulated relationship is built between parent and child. Despite the fact that the parent’s requests are quite high, they are expressed understandably and respectfully (Lavrič, 2020). The opposite of this is the authoritarian method of upbringing, in which the vertical of conversation exists only from top to bottom in relation to the child. A child brought up according to authoritarian morals practically does not have the right to vote and is forced to obey without the need for a parent to explain exactly why this is necessary.
The formation of children’s consciousness is also directly related to how their gender identity is nurtured. Gender development of a child implies awareness of one’s gender and adequate interaction between the sexes in the world. There is a grouping of factors influencing the development of gender roles into several main categories. Primary is the so-called modeling, that is, teaching stereotypes through imitation and adoption of behavior. Modeling also includes the perception of not only personal behavior but also general cultural concepts. Also, gender roles are mastered through direct experience, that is, the result and reaction of the environment to direct impact with it. Thirdly, the factor of direct learning is no less important, when the child is dictated by authoritarian subjects what is acceptable for the person of his gender and what is not.
Thus, various branches of scientific thought make it possible to understand that parenting is a theoretically and practically complex process. The division of upbringing processes into basic, parental and gender, including internal subsections, allows you to build a systematic view of the upbringing of a child. The consistent application of the above models in practice, taking them into account in upbringing can make the upbringing of a child much more conscious and theoretically literate.
Reference
Lavrič, M., & Naterer, A. (2020). The power of authoritative parenting: A cross-national study of effects of exposure to different parenting styles on life satisfaction. Children and Youth Services Review 116. Web.