World War I and Its Psychological Consequences

War is an event that poses significant repercussions to the participants and non-partisans due to the optimal destruction. Different societies uphold distinct socio-cultural, economic, and political overviews concerning governance and relationship-building inbound and outbound¹. Human behavior mainly depends on the rules within a region. An excellent example of outcome due to the conflict of interests is the emergence of the Great War, also known as World War I. The combat attributed to a profound loss of lives and the wreckage of costly properties². The survivors encountered prominent health effect due to the horrific experiences and existing wrangles. The lack of agreement among nations risks confrontations that significantly affect residents due to the displacement from their settlements, rise in insecurity, and loss of relatives. Primarily, the psychological consequence among people after World War I encompassed the survivor’s guilt and post-traumatic stress disorder.

One of the factors that led to World War I encompassed the influence of industrialization on the European and American nations. In this case, leaders rendered the initiative to utilize effective and highly graded tools for the bombing, shooting, and facilitating counterattacks against enemies³. During World War I, the Americans cooperated with the French armies to fight against the Germans in Arbonne⁴. Although the unity fostered the increase in the number of battalions, it is a situation that caused the loss of a significant number of soldiers due to the lack of strategies for attacks and counterattacks. Although weaponization empowered the armies with an additional support system, the issue lay in the traumatic experiences of hunger, thirst, and loss of colleagues.

The emergence of the two world wars is a phenomenon that led to a significant loss of lives and property globally due to the disparities in significant ideologies. During the industrialization era, the European nations attained profound developmental initiatives such as technological advancement⁵. It is a condition that cultivated tension across nations due to the differences in achievements and power status. An excellent example of the impact of modernization is the essence of imperialism and alliance justified by militarism. The short-term and long-term cause of the battles is a consequence of the notable blooming hence nations focused on establishing their worldwide position.

One of the significant differences between the two world wars is the short-term cause of the conflicts. At the onset of the first war, there was tension among nations, Archduke Franz Ferdinand’s assassination who was the heir to the Austro-Hungarian leadership. He was murdered by a Serbian nationalist known as Gavrilo Princip⁶. The two countries were rivals; therefore, the killing of an influential personality in one of the parties triggered the clash. The provocation of the second military confrontation engulfed the disagreements and arrogance between the American and Japanese governments. The U.S administration received news of Nanjing’s rape and the Manchurian crisis that led to its decision to establish sanctions against Japan. These bans included the exportation of oil, iron, and essential supplies⁷. It is an initiative that significantly affected the economic growth in Japan hence the promptness to foster an attack at Pearl Harbor hence triggering the tussle. Therefore, while incite for the first strife was political, the spark for the second battle was socio-economically motivated.

In a different spectrum, industrialization rendered the profound technological advancements that empowered key European nations with lethal weapons for war. While states focused on enhancing economic growth and development, they also aligned the initiatives to boost martial power⁸. The striving to attain military dominance based on the armament led to a distinct margin among governments mainly under the spectrum of the U.S and Japan alliances. On the one hand, the measure in the firearms’ strength geared the conflicts in the First World War. On the other hand, the manpower and resistance fostered the end of the second tussle.

The first and second world wars emanated from similar long-term causes that encapsulated the effect of industrialization on the global territories. Technological advancement is an entity that empowered countries and the necessity to test the limits of power dynamism worldwide. In this case, America and other European states focused on competing for recognition and martial dominance, a concept that enhanced the tension among rivalries⁹. As a result, societies with similar philosophies formed alliances to establish an influential baseline while the margin intensified. The significant frameworks that spearheaded the conflicts and the motivation involved imperialism, nationalism, and militarism.

The world wars fostered imminent negative effect to the psychological status among people. On the one hand, the long-term triggers of the confrontations involved nationalism, imperialism, industrialization, and militarism. On the other hand, different short-term factors led to the emergence of tussles. While the incitement for the first combat was politically inclined, the instigation for the second clash was socio-economically motivated¹⁰. The evolution of the global society rendered a significant imbalance among communities to determine the power position internationally.

Although different factors triggered the emergence of the conflicts, in the first World War, the core attribute engulfed the intensified tension across rivalry countries. The nations at war enshrined Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, and Germany against Japan, Italy, France, Great Britain, United States, Russia, and Romania¹¹. The alliances significantly influenced the mental perception concerning relationship-building across the distinctive states. The phenomenon prominently affected the psychological condition of the residents that trickled-down to the marginalization of communities regarding the freedom of expression and movement globally¹². World War I sparked enmity across the nations and negatively affected economic growth and development. According to historical records, Germany set off the battle by coordinating attacks in Marne causing profound negative effect to the populace. The psychological effect enshrined the necessity of establishing dominance across the regions, a factor that negatively attributed to World War II.

A different psychological consequence that significantly influenced the nations in World War I included post traumatic stress disorder, hunger, and grief. These factors featured the rise of Russia’s ideological perspective about communism to intensify the influential baseline internationally. The central economic policy that contributed to the significant growth index in U.S is capitalism. The approach enshrines the personal ownership of property and wealth hence imposing the importance of business competition for optimal profitability margin. The concept rendered a proficient effect to the marginalization of poor communities from the elite social group. However, the American government encountered the challenge due to the philosophy after the First World War¹³. The core reason for the problem involved the demand for togetherness and cooperation between all stakeholders in rebuilding the country for better living conditions. The aftermath of World War I attributed to the justification of communism and the spread across the highly affected nations globally and a trickle-down effect to the U.S.

Stalin is considered one of the historic mass murderers due to his policies implemented in Russia. The leader considered the ultimate solution of resistance as terror. The first approach to promote development engulfed the exploitation of collectivism among the small farmers. Although the agricultural worker fostered optimal produce, Stalin imposed socialism to elevate productivity among the kulak¹⁴. Nevertheless, the statesman geared violence among the peasants to agree and amalgamate farmlands. The use of intimidation and fear is a high cost that led to the loss of Russian lives to enhance economic development and supremacy on a global scale.

As a political leader, Stalin spearheaded communism in Russia, and the transition incurred a high cost of Russian lives. Between 1933 and 1934, the country experienced famine, and at least four million residents died due to hunger¹⁵. The idealist argued that despite the decline in productivity, economic development was a prominent issue over the lives of the workers and the peasants. In this case, Stalin emerged as one of the greatest mass murderers because of his vision to lead the nation to greatness through industrialization. Apart from the famine that led to the deaths of citizens and laborers, terror as the primary motivational element caused a significant loss of lives.

Stalin led the Russian economy to communism based on strict policies that cost a significant percentage of workers’ and peasants’ lives. The politician and idealist focused on empowering the nation to avoid being colonized by other developed countries. As a result, Stalin enhanced industrialization based on the essence of boosting communism and economic competence globally¹⁶. However, the initiative negatively affected the residents and peasants. The lucrative impact of the concept nurtured its widespread adoption across different nations as a reconstructive philosophy to the negative effect of both World Wars.

Communism significantly affected the U.S economic growth and development due to the interplay of dynamic values. As a capitalist, the U.S government faced a profound problem after the two World Wars due to the demand for labor and resources to reconstruct the socio-economic system. However, other nations utilized bolshevism to establish the efficient rebuilding of the structures despite gender and ethnic disparity. It is contrary to U.S philosophy on private ownership of factors of production alleviating the inherent challenges of dependence and poverty. After the combats, tension intensified between the U.S and Russia due to distinct economic frameworks¹⁷. It is an initiative that attributed the emergence of the Vietnam conflict and other South American nations with the U.S administration adopting Russia’s perspective. In the short run, socialism was necessary to enhance the residents’ unity and cooperation. Nevertheless, it was a threat to the enterprise’s profitability in the long run. As a result, the U.S government focused on enhancing a proficient influential value across a broader scope of the global realms, elevating commercialism.

World War I contributed to a significant loss of U.S lives and the destruction of property. Apart from the damage, the government prompted investing in weaponry to win the combat, compromising the economic growth and development index. Researchers argue that capitalism leads to competition despite the adverse effect on the population¹⁸. One of the factors that contributed to the conflicts as a means of profitability at the expense of the soldiers’ lives and the parsimony’s performance outlier. In this case, the mainframe attributed to a dynamic impact towards the burgeoning contrary to Russia’s recovery in the short run due to the coordinative efforts.

Rules significantly contribute in the distribution of equality within the community. The existence of primary laws engulfed an indication of vital obligatory aspects on relationship building and engagements. However, the secondary regulations focused on complementary domains, such as the focus on leadership influence and essence of individualism. According to research, the rule of recognition aptly attributed to the conditions supporting operations and activities of a particular group. In this case, the framework is identified based on the association to the primary laws and the past judicial decisions mainly affected by the rule of adjudication involving authorities’ capacity to make and enforce the secondary regulations¹⁹. Notably, the researcher postulates that the coherence of the laws fosters emergence of ultimate rule of recognition that addresses the powers of a leader while indicating the legal limitations. The internal point of view encapsulates the executive team responsible in the interpretation of laws during the decision-making. Ideally, the traditional statutes rendered profound hierarchical structure on authoritative and individualistic engagement platforms.

Primarily, leadership prominently influences human behavior and psychological perspective among individuals. In this case, it is vital to indicate core factors that impact the living quotient among counterparts. Principals play a vital role in the development of sustainable regulatory frameworks enhancing social equity²⁰. The lack of vital indicators influencing personality threaten the moral conduct among the counterparts. Before the onset of World War I, there were minimal international agreements that fostered peaceful coexistence. As a result, the killing of the Archduke by Princip triggered rivalry despite the existing tension on dominance. During the World War I, majority of the populace migrated and lost properties in addition to the rights and freedom. The traumatic experiences of escaping death encounters highly affected the psychological state on international relations and confidence index towards the charismatic leadership from the incumbent governments.

The socially based rules engulf the profound utilization of primary regulations that impose the necessary approach towards particular situations. In this case, the significance of a decree is based on the category and impact of peaceful coexistence. The author renders an insight contrary to the modern constitutional framework addressing distinct aspects of human activities and relationship-building²¹. A case in point of the efficiency scale of the statutes is the establishment of dynamic mainframes governing the current communities as a response to the evolutionary gradient.

World War I negatively influenced human behavior among residents in the respective countries. One the theoretical constructs that significantly affirms the psychological effect among the citizens entails the social learning concept. The framework profoundly affects the mental health index of an individual since it affects the cognitive growth pattern mainly among children. Character development depends on the rules governing the society. Therefore, the incorporation of violent nature of conflict resolution risks the negative perception on relationship-building among people. Equality within the populace renders the emergence of a dynamic overview of mental healthiness²². Although it is an independent form of empowerment, poor mentorship fosters cognitive structures’ negative development. Individuals further appreciate negative actions at puberty and adulthood without the stress of punishment. In other cases, a person realizes the consequence of witnessing racism as a foundation of poor social relations. As a result, these victims seek treatment in the form of punishments. An excellent example is a survivor who realizes the negative impact on society and commits crimes that justify the necessary discipline. This form of psychological illness increases the victim’s physical health, cause of hostile ideologies.

Despite the adverse effects from World War I to communities, the wrangles indicated the importance of establishing effective international regulations. The establishment of alliances to wage for the combat is a situation that emerged based on the lack of rules that ban such groupings. Although the country highly affected was Austria due to the murder of their leader, other nations engaged towards fostering justice under the violent spectrum²³. In this case, the member states attained insights concerning the importance of equity despite disparity in the distribution of resources. On the one hand, the truce fostered the consideration of individual demands on relational mainframe. On the other hand, World War I triggered the essence of power dynamics to determine superpower territories. As a result, the psychological impact featured a distinctive overview concerning dominance and the relevance of certain relationship ties.

Citizens from the respective countries involved in World War I experienced distinctive challenges, namely hunger and insecurity. In this case, the counterparts developed psychological-based illnesses such as traumatic stress disorder, mainly the doctors and nurses in the battlefield. The professionals worked under significant stress due to the proximity to enemy combatant lines. Apart from the close loop, the personnel became overwhelmed by the number of sick individuals and deaths²⁴. Therefore, World War I was an event that attributed to the prominent consequence of compromising sociological values to attain power and dominance hence the piling of bodies.

One of the significant challenges in the criminal justice system is the determination of certain sentencing for individuals. On the one hand, it is essential to incorporate measures that foster uprightness for the victims. On the other hand, there is a controversy regarding the measure of punishment for the offender. The central aspect involves approving the situations that demand death sentencing while other circumstances impose an alternative standard. Multiculturalism establishes that the primary responsibility of individuals involves upholding the dynamic and apt moral codes. Therefore, it is challenging for policing institutions, including the legal systems, to justify propositions regarding life or death for certain lawbreakers. The penalty for hanging among the guilty is an issue that fosters the deterrence of certain habits and usually in three facets, namely specific, retribution, and general. Researchers argue that the implementation of the strategy relies on the accountability of the leadership to the citizens²⁵. For instance, most European countries abolished the policy without concern for the public domain’s security. However, it is difficult in the U.S to extenuate the concept while incorporating the well-being of the nationalities.

Consequently, there is significant controversy regarding the efficiency between constitutional and societal-based laws. Rules implemented within the community framework feature bias and static traits due to the consideration of equity. Therefore, the conditions on human behavior within a social spectrum encompassed commanding necessary character and the disciplinary measures for violating the stipulations. However, the modern statutes diversified to different institutions, such as international relations and environmental management. The evolved multifaceted phenomenon charter primarily features objective perspectives due to the intersection of dynamic appeals and the flexibility to adjust for effective justice system functionalism.

References

Ahrenfeldt, Robert H. Psychiatry in the British army in the Second World War. Routledge, 2018.

Bouza, Johayra, Daisy E. Camacho-Thompson, Gustavo Carlo, Ximena Franco, C. Garcia Coll, L. Halgunseth, and R. M. B. White. “The science is clear: Separating families has long-term damaging psychological and health consequences for children, families, and communities.” Society for Research in Child Development 20 (2018).

Cooper, Malcolm. The Birth of Independent Air Power: British Air Policy in the First World War. Routledge, 2021.

Crosby, Travis L. The impact of civilian evacuation in the Second World War. Routledge, 2021.

Fennell, Jonathan. Fighting the people’s war: the British and Commonwealth armies and the Second World War. Cambridge University Press, 2019.

Hall, Todd H., and Andrew AG Ross. “Rethinking affective experience and popular emotion: World War I and the construction of group emotion in international relations.” Political Psychology 40, no. 6 (2019): 1357-1372.

Imran, Nazish, Irum Aamer, Muhammad Imran Sharif, Zubair Hassan Bodla, and Sadiq Naveed. “Psychological burden of quarantine in children and adolescents: A rapid systematic review and proposed solutions.” Pakistan journal of medical sciences 36, no. 5 (2020): 1106.

McLaine, Ian. Ministry of morale: Home front morale and the Ministry of Information in World War II. Routledge, 2021.

Tickner, J. Ann, and Jacqui True. “A Century of International Relations Feminism: From World War I Women’s Peace Pragmatism to the Women, Peace and Security Agenda.” International Studies Quarterly 62, no. 2 (2018): 221-233.

Wise, Sydney F. Canadian Airmen and the First World War. University of Toronto Press, 2019.

Footnotes

• 1 Hall, Todd H., and Andrew AG Ross. “Rethinking affective experience and popular emotion: World War I and the construction of group emotion in international relations.” Political Psychology 40, no. 6 (2019): 1357-1372.
• 2 Cooper, Malcolm. The Birth of Independent Air Power: British Air Policy in the First World War. Routledge, 2021.
• 3 Tickner, J. Ann, and Jacqui True. “A Century of International Relations Feminism: From World War I Women’s Peace Pragmatism to the Women, Peace and Security Agenda.” International Studies Quarterly 62, no. 2 (2018): 221-233.
• 4 Bouza, Johayra, Daisy E. Camacho-Thompson, Gustavo Carlo, Ximena Franco, C. Garcia Coll, L. Halgunseth, and R. M. B. White. “The science is clear: Separating families has long-term damaging psychological and health consequences for children, families, and communities.” Society for Research in Child Development 20 (2018).
• 5 Crosby, Travis L. The impact of civilian evacuation in the Second World War. Routledge, 2021.
• 6 Cooper, Malcolm. The Birth of Independent Air Power: British Air Policy in the First World War. Routledge, 2021.
• 7 Wise, Sydney F. Canadian Airmen and the First World War. University of Toronto Press, 2019.
• 8 Cooper, Malcolm. The Birth of Independent Air Power: British Air Policy in the First World War. Routledge, 2021.
• 9 Imran, Nazish, Irum Aamer, Muhammad Imran Sharif, Zubair Hassan Bodla, and Sadiq Naveed. “Psychological burden of quarantine in children and adolescents: A rapid systematic review and proposed solutions.” Pakistan journal of medical sciences 36, no. 5 (2020): 1106.
• 10 Imran, Nazish, Irum Aamer, Muhammad Imran Sharif, Zubair Hassan Bodla, and Sadiq Naveed. “Psychological burden of quarantine in children and adolescents: A rapid systematic review and proposed solutions.” Pakistan journal of medical sciences 36, no. 5 (2020): 1106.
• 11 McLaine, Ian. Ministry of morale: Home front morale and the Ministry of Information in World War II. Routledge, 2021.
• 12 Fennell, Jonathan. Fighting the people’s war: the British and Commonwealth armies and the Second World War. Cambridge University Press, 2019.
• 13 McLaine, Ian. Ministry of morale: Home front morale and the Ministry of Information in World War II. Routledge, 2021.
• 14 McLaine, Ian. Ministry of morale: Home front morale and the Ministry of Information in World War II. Routledge, 2021.
• 15 Crosby, Travis L. The impact of civilian evacuation in the Second World War. Routledge, 2021.
• 16 Crosby, Travis L. The impact of civilian evacuation in the Second World War. Routledge, 2021.
• 17 Imran, Nazish, Irum Aamer, Muhammad Imran Sharif, Zubair Hassan Bodla, and Sadiq Naveed. “Psychological burden of quarantine in children and adolescents: A rapid systematic review and proposed solutions.” Pakistan journal of medical sciences 36, no. 5 (2020): 1106.
• 18 Imran, Nazish, Irum Aamer, Muhammad Imran Sharif, Zubair Hassan Bodla, and Sadiq Naveed. “Psychological burden of quarantine in children and adolescents: A rapid systematic review and proposed solutions.” Pakistan journal of medical sciences 36, no. 5 (2020): 1106.
• 19 Ahrenfeldt, Robert H. Psychiatry in the British army in the Second World War. Routledge, 2018.
• 20 Cooper, Malcolm. The Birth of Independent Air Power: British Air Policy in the First World War. Routledge, 2021.
• 21 Cooper, Malcolm. The Birth of Independent Air Power: British Air Policy in the First World War. Routledge, 2021.
• 22 Crosby, Travis L. The impact of civilian evacuation in the Second World War. Routledge, 2021.
• 23 Bouza, Johayra, Daisy E. Camacho-Thompson, Gustavo Carlo, Ximena Franco, C. Garcia Coll, L. Halgunseth, and R. M. B. White. “The science is clear: Separating families has long-term damaging psychological and health consequences for children, families, and communities.” Society for Research in Child Development 20 (2018).
• 24 Bouza, Johayra, Daisy E. Camacho-Thompson, Gustavo Carlo, Ximena Franco, C. Garcia Coll, L. Halgunseth, and R. M. B. White. “The science is clear: Separating families has long-term damaging psychological and health consequences for children, families, and communities.” Society for Research in Child Development 20 (2018).
• 25 Bouza, Johayra, Daisy E. Camacho-Thompson, Gustavo Carlo, Ximena Franco, C. Garcia Coll, L. Halgunseth, and R. M. B. White. “The science is clear: Separating families has long-term damaging psychological and health consequences for children, families, and communities.” Society for Research in Child Development 20 (2018).