Introduction
Modern commercial aviation is a fundamental sector that supports the development of the globalized world and creates the basis for international discourse. That is why it has to meet diversified requirements for the quality of provided services, their price, and safety. Regarding the tendency towards the increase in the number of flights made by airlines per year and the growing amounts of people who use this kind of transport, the civil aviation sector experiences a rising workload that affects its work. Under these conditions, maintenance, repair, and overhaul of aircraft become fundamental tasks that should be accomplished to ensure the safety of flights and minimize the risk of disaster or emergency. The importance of these aspects has always been recognized by airlines that provided resources demanded to support the high accuracy, in-time intervention, and appropriate results. Moreover, there are multiple laws and regulations introduced by international regulatory agencies that should be observed during the maintenance process. For this reason, to manage the growing complexity of all these factors, companies start to use innovative technologies as a means to reduce costs, save time, achieve high accuracy, and cope with the growing stress and workload.
At the same time, the sector linked to maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) heavily depends on the enhanced knowledge of all components belonging to it. For this reason, the appearance of new technologies and the demand for better competitiveness for airlines and other involved companies, create the basis for innovations and radical changes in both technological and organizational aspects (Esposito, Lazoi, Margarito, & Quarta, 2019). At the same time, all activities belonging to MRO can be described as complex and sophisticated processes that vary regarding the status of aircraft of its parts that should be checked to determine their state (Geng, Tian, Bai, Jia, & Liu, 2014). For this reason, the effective, fast, and correct management of MRO becomes one of the top priorities of civil aviation and one of the challenges it has to face to create the basis for future growth. Regarding the extensive use of technologies mentioned above, the pivotal aim of the given research is the investigation and identification of new technological trends and events that are expected to happen in the next 2-5 years in the commercial aviation sector and influence MRO activities. That is why the current state and perspectives will be evaluated in terms of the paper.
Justification
The relevance of the selected topic can be justified by the fact that innovation is nowadays one of the critical aspects of the modern world. It affects all spheres of human activity and contributes to the achievement of better results. For the commercial aviation sector, technologies have always been a fundamental part of its evolution and growth. However, today, there are multiple requirements for the aviation sphere that precondition the severe demand for the implementation of new approaches. MRO, as a complex and critically important process, can benefit from the employment of new data collection and processing techniques. It also requires an improved understanding of how the functioning of companies will alter due to the utilization of offered measures. That is why the selection of the research topic is preconditioned by the current need for the realization of how the sector will look in the future and what innovations will become topical.
Background
The aviation market remains one of the most attractive issues for investors and other stakeholders because of its promising character. The current report’s evidence that there are outstanding financial showings and the opportunity for future growth (Price, 2018). Such areas as Asia, China, and India are becoming the major regions with exceptionally high growth rates related to MRO demand (Esposito et al., 2019). Additionally, because of the increasing demand for transportation and the high number of passengers, the MRO activities will experience about 3.8% annual growth with the continuously rising level of revenue (Esposito et al., 2019). That is why multiple actors are trying to function in the given segment and overcome rivalry by offering more effective approaches to analyzing the state of aircraft, its parts, and guaranteeing their stable work. The survey shows that 73% of all companies working in the MRO sector try to attain higher reliability levels when 64% want to achieve better use of resources peculiar to this sphere. The existence of these factors creates the basis for innovations.
Due to their nature, technologies can introduce multiple positive alterations in the work of any company or sector. First, they contribute to improved data collection, which is critical in terms of the growing demand for accuracy. Second, the employment of innovative technologies in the MRO sector can help to increase effectiveness by minimizing risks and eliminating the impact of the human factor. Third, innovation can help to attain better utilization of available resources, which is vital because of the need to generate competitive advantage and provide a better offering to airlines. That is why the modern business environment can be considered beneficial for the extensive use of various technologies to attain better results and reduce incidence.
Aircraft Maintenance
Since the first stages of commercial aviation evolution, maintenance of aircraft has been its integral element. It can be determined as a performance of tasks that are needed to guarantee the trustworthiness and airworthiness of an aircraft, including its all parts (Romero & Vieira, 2014). Today, there is a specific practice of maintenance checks or periodic inspections that should be done by all companies working in the civil aviation sector (Heisey, n.d.). The main idea is the ensure that a plane is ready for a flight, and there is no risk to the life of passengers. For instance, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) offers guidelines for turbine-powered aircraft and all commercial operations for them to prepare their facilities for use under various conditions (Heisey, n.d.). These operations are usually recommended every 400-600 flight hours, or after 200-300 flights regarding the type of aircraft and its state (Heisey, n.d.). It is also a resource-demanding process that can require up to 50-70 man-hours and a specific facility (hangar) for a minimum of 10 hours (Heisey, n.d.). If some problem during the procedure is discovered, even more resources and employees will be needed to solve it and improve the state of a plane.
Under these conditions, aircraft maintenance remains a critically important and complex sphere that presupposes the existence of multiple factors affecting the work of the industry and aircraft. The implementation of technologies becomes vital for the achievement of desired results and further development of the given sphere via the reduction of risks and attraction of new clients.
Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul
As for MRO, it can be considered a part of aircraft maintenance that becomes attractive for multiple manufacturing companies and other actors. In general, it can be determined as activities focused on restoring and repairing an item to a state in which it can perform its function and pose no threat to an aircraft (Uhlmann, Bilz, & Baumgarten, 2013). The given explanation shows that MRO remains a sophisticated issue as its positive outcomes depend on the combination of technical, administrative, and supervision actions (Esposito et al., 2019). That is why, as it has already been stated, the processes of maintenance, repair, and overhaul can be challenging for companies due to the complicated management of all its parts. This problem presupposes the implementation of some specific solutions to achieve better results.
Moreover, it remains a promising sector that can guarantee stable benefits for companies involved in it. For this reason, manufacturers and other companies related to the sphere looking for new effective measures that can be employed to make MRO processes more useful and less resource-consuming.
Complexity
One of the main factors that facilitate the use of technologies in the commercial aviation sphere is the high complexity of processes belonging to MRO. Various sources of these difficulties and challenges should be overcome by service providers. First, there is an extremely high specialization level demanded to manage complex products (Esposito et al., 2019). The research process aimed at the creation of new, more reliable aircraft also affects manufacturing companies as they have to be able to repair or manage them. That is why new devices and technologies become an appropriate solution. Moreover, there are multiple international, local, and regional regulations and laws that should be observed to prepare a plane for the flight. It also means that actors should be ready to work in terms of the current legal framework and conditions offered by it. Finally, uncertainty about the state of a part that should be maintained or investigated introduces the high level of variability as one of the central features of MRO as there is always the requirement to determine the desired intervention and ensure its positive outcomes. (Esposito et al., 2019). Management of all these aspects can be challenging for specialists and can be supported with innovative design to meet these purposes and ensure better results.
Costs
High costs that are demanded to support MRO processes can be taken as one of the first obstacles that should be eliminated regarding the future change of the commercial aviation sphere. At the moment, airlines spend more than $40 billion on the maintenance of aircraft every year (Heisey, n.d.). Regarding the type, age, range, and the overall state of the plane, the cost can constitute from 10 to 20 percent of direct operating costs (DOC) (Heisey, n.d.). It means that firms face a serious problem that might deprive them of the competitive advantage and prevent them from future evolution. To solve this problem, the current manufacturers and airlines promote positive change via the application of technologies that can help to reduce resources that should be devoted to this process, and, in such a way, reduce costs that are needed. For this reason, one of the first expected changes in the given area is the more effective use of available finances in terms of MRO processes that can be reconsidered from the perspective of technological innovation and enhanced results.
Time
Time becomes another valuable resource regarding the modern competitive environment and the need for better functioning of airlines. As stated above, regular maintenance checks might take a minimum of 10 hours (Uriondo, Esperon-Miguez, & Perinpanayagam, 2015). However, there is also a need for the transportation of aircraft and the delivery of additional parts if some problems occur (Esposito et al., 2019). Under these conditions, MRO processes remain extremely time-consuming activities that should be considered by both manufacturers and airlines when planning operations. One of the main sources of the growing demand for time is the difficulty associated with the analysis of complex parts of a plane and the application of all existing regulations to check processes. For this reason, it can be expected that the use of new technologies can help to save this resource via faster and more practical assessment techniques that can be performed not by human workers but by some specific devices designed for this very purpose (Esposito et al., 2019). Better data collection can also be achieved via the use of innovations and help to reduce time. That is why in the next 2-5 years, it can be expected the maintenance and overhaul will become less time-consuming.
Problems
At the same time, MRO processes and the integration of technologies can also face some problematic issues. First of all, the use of innovative approaches also presupposes significant investment in the sphere, which can be challenging for some companies. At the same time, the broad use of technologies presupposes the existence of a specific environment characterized by the overall preparedness of the sector and the extensive use of software and hardware that can help to make integration processes easier and improve outcomes (Uriondo, Esperon-Miguez, & Perinpanayagam, 2015). Additionally, laws and guidelines that regulate relations between partners should also accept the use of various technologies in the MRO sphere to guarantee that there will be no misunderstandings between a company and manufacturer. Under these conditions, effective collaboration becomes a central demand for the successful integration of technologies into the sphere in the next 2-5 years and their use for various purposes (Esposito et al., 2019). It will lay the ground for new processes and guarantee that the time and costs required to attain success will be reduced, and all actors will benefit from better conditions.
Digitalization
From the perspective of the broad use of technologies, and their impact on commercial aviation, gradual digitalization can be considered one of the most evident and significant alterations. The global competition and cooperation created the need for change in the international industrial scenario (Esposito et al., 2019). In other words, the main idea today is to create a digitalized environment that cultivates communication between all stakeholders, better data exchange and increases the speed of innovation (Vieira & Loures, 2016). It can be considered one of the most progressing change paradigm that includes product design, use of data, in-time analysis, processing of information coming from multiple stakeholders such as reliability of machinery, safety demands, part flows, critical drawbacks, and existing issues (Esposito et al., 2019). Because of the complexity of modern challenges, it is essential to collect all these facts and pieces of evidence only one time, and that use them to attain better control, management, and maintenance (Wan, Dongbo, Gao, Roy, & Tong, 2017). For this reason, the shift of priorities towards the digitalization that is observed today will preserve and become more topical in the future.
The integration of enriched knowledge that is generated via better data collection is vital for the new commercial aviation sphere as it can help to perform MRO activities faster and with a higher level of accuracy. For this reason, instead of a simple transfer of data, companies are now focused on the development of new elements of knowledge that will help to reduce costs, time, and resources needed to check planes, and, at the same time, guarantee higher safety levels to passengers. The work-in-process knowledge (WIP) also possesses an outstanding significance as it helps to monitor manufacturing data and apply it to stages that demand intervention most of all (Esposito et al., 2019). In such a way, digitalization of the environment becomes the first visible effect of technologies on the sphere. It is expected that in 3-5 years, the majority of companies will be integrated within the same digital environment for better data transfer and knowledge generation.
Use of Technologies
If to compare the current civil aviation sector with its state at least one decade ago, a significant number of changes can be seen. First of all, the extensive use of technologies can be noted. The majority of airlines recognize the power of innovativeness and try to create new environments that will provide new opportunities to reduce resources and improve outcomes. Additionally, several trends are now utilized by manufacturers and MRO providers and will become topical in the next several years.
Inspection Robots and Drones
One of the first visible impacts of technologies in the commercial aviation sphere is the massive use of robots and similar devices. The traditional approach to maintenance presupposes visual inspection of aircraft and can take a minimum of six hours (Wang, 2014). For this reason, there are attempts to improve this practice by using innovations and specific devices. Robots and drones can help to reduce the amount of time needed to perform some procedures and improve outcomes by increasing accuracy (Zhu, Li, & Tong, 2013). For instance, Rolls-Royce, a giant manufacturer of engines, plans to use micro versions of camera robots in the next several years to enhance the effectiveness of the inspection of components that cannot be accessed by traditional means (Price, 2018). It will help to discover defective parts or some other problematic issues and implement appropriate interventions. Moreover, EasyJet has a program presupposing the use of an autonomous drone that will help to inspect the aircraft and outline all possible problems in one hour, which can help to significantly reduce costs needed for successful maintenance (Esposito et al., 2019). Some projects include the employment of robots equipped with ultra-sound and thermographic testing devices to record information about the state of the plane and transmit video images to ground service.
Furthermore, some problems with aircraft might presuppose the need for the application of X-Ray technology to discover defects in surfaces or materials that are used in the plane. The current trends include the creation of the inspection robot that has this very module and can scan various components to conclude about the existence of a certain threat (Esposito et al., 2019). Moreover, thermography is another possible technology that will be used when creating these robots and using them to evaluate the overall state of the aircraft. In such a way, the extensive use of robots is one of the first expected changes in the discussed sphere. It will help to overcome challenges associated with the problematic accessibility of some parts of the aircraft, reduce costs, and improve accuracy. For this reason, the civil aviation sphere is nowadays concerned about the gradual integration of this technology with the primary goal to create a new environment characterized by increased effectiveness and better outcomes.
New Hangar
During the MRO procedures, aircraft spend the majority of time in a specific hangar that is needed to perform all actions and provide specialists with an opportunity to evaluate its state and conclude about the possibility of its further use. For this reason, there are also some attempts and projects aimed at the improvement of this facility. One of the possible ways that become popular nowadays is the digitalization of the environment and automation of maintenance activities to improve outcomes and usability of applied measures (Price, 2018). For instance, there are collaborative robots, drones, cameras, and sensors that help to perform the majority of assessment procedures (Price, 2018). They are managed by the ground service to collect data, process it, and use to conclude about the state of an aircraft and its ability to fly without risks. Today, such alterations in the work of hangars can already be seen as there are attempts to widely use technologies and innovative approaches in organizing the environment. In the next several years, even more, radical changes can be expected as it helps to increase the effectiveness and reduce costs due to the less significant amounts of time needed for MRO procedures.
Virtual Reality
Another possible way of innovating the civil aviation sphere is the use of virtual reality to reveal the source of potential problems and eliminate it. The use of this technology critically depends on data acquired in the course of the investigation of aircraft. That is why the augmented reality can be created with the help of so-called big data and its processing by specific software to create the complete image of the existing plane and investigate it by the team of specialists. It will help to achieve the desired result by comparing the current status with the norm and cogitating the possible reasons for the critical deterioration of the state. For instance, at the moment, Boeing, one of the giants in the sphere of MRO, uses smart glasses as an example of augmented reality to simplify the sophisticated process of wire installation (Esposito et al., 2019). The use of this technology helps to reduce production time by 25%, minimize errors caused by the human factor, and attain better results (Esposito et al., 2019). For this reason, the given technology has a promising character that evidences the potency of innovation and its ability to shape the existing commercial aviation. Boeing and similar companies plan to continue the development of these technologies and in the next five years to alter the way MRO procedures are performed.
Advantages
One of the main facilitators of the wide use of emerging technologies in commercial aviation maintenance, overhaul, and repair is their advantageous character and the ability to replace approaches that are outdated at the moment. Additionally, MRO in the given sector demands obtaining knowledge about the product and its processing to optimize time, quality of maintenance, and use of resources (Esposito et al., 2019). One of the problems is that this up-to-date information about the physical parts of engines and components, their localization, and the ability to function cannot be acquired by traditional means in the short term. However, the reduction of delays is one of the essential parts of the work of airlines in the modern competitive environment. For this reason, such factors as accuracy, time, and costs become the main aspects that promote the further broad use of innovations and alteration of the whole sphere with the primary goal to create conditions cultivating the continuous improvement of aircraft and minimizing risks. Moreover, the integration of technologies with the work of airlines creates the ground for new upgrades, which is essential regarding the contemporary digitalized working environment.
Costs
The importance of MRO processes and their impact on the profitability of the whole aviation industry cannot be denied. The fact is that guaranteeing the work of an aircraft during its lifespan, which is about 30 years, and conducting regular checks of its status are the core functions of manufacturing companies (Esposito et al., 2019). That is why all actors who work in the given sector want to significantly reduce costs and increase revenues. The utilization of innovative approaches is taken as one of the possible options to accomplish this task. Investigation shows that innovating MRO processes helps to spend only one-tenth of the previous value and economize, while the effectiveness remains the same or even becomes higher (Esposito et al., 2019). This undeniable advantage facilitates the further creation of new methods to perform MRO activities and increases the speed of the whole industry’s transformation. In the next 4-5 years, a reduction of costs achieved due to the radical changes stipulated by technologies will become an integral part of civil aviation. Maintenance will still comprise a significant aspect of spending; however, companies will acquire funds to promote new means of assessment and employ them.
Time
Time remains another valuable resource in the selected sector. Today, aircraft spend around ten days in hangars during the obligatory checks needed to guarantee its stable work and safety to passengers (Esposito et al., 2019). It means that resources or airlines and manufacturers are devoted to MRO processes that should be performed in terms of this assessment. For this reason, the need for optimization becomes one of the main elements of modern aviation, as it will help to use time more effectively. The utilization of technologies mentioned above can result in quicker improvement of the products’ quality analysis due to better data collection, updated procedures, absence of mistakes, and real-time information provided to specialists (Esposito et al., 2019). These benefits evidence the positive impact of emerging innovations on the sphere of MRO and should be taken into account when analyzing the possible changes in the next several years. By the existing forecasts, the time needed to investigate the state of an aircraft will fall by one-half under the impact of new approaches (Esposito et al., 2019). This positive effect is mainly associated with the readiness of companies to cultivate a new environment.
Accuracy
One of the critical demands for MRO processes is the accuracy of investigation and results as they directly impact the safety of flights and outcomes. The attainment of greater accuracy related to the position of engine parts under assessment and the working state of these parts is one of the goals of any actor performing MRO activities (Esposito et al., 2019). Additionally, tracking of all parts inside the plant or hangar is another core element of the work of these companies (Esposito et al., 2019). For this reason, the use of innovative software with the opportunity for better tracking and innovative devices offering multiple options for the in-depth investigation of engines and their hard-to-access parts creates a competitive advantage that is used by corporations. For instance, Boeing, Rolls-Royce, and EasyJet already implement new tracking methods and assessment tools to achieve higher accuracy. The given example is followed by other manufacturers with the primary goal to remain competitive and provide high-quality MRO services to airlines (Esposito et al., 2019). That is why it can be expected that these benefits will promote the further alteration and reconsideration of the tools and means used in commercial aviation towards the more extensive use of innovations.
Changes
The benefits mentioned in the previous sector result in the appearance of the critical changes in the work of commercial aviation and the plans for its future development. Today, alterations can already be seen in almost every segment or department as they help to achieve desired results. Corporations have specific plans for innovative development, presupposing the broader use of devices. Moreover, there is improved cooperation with manufacturers aimed at the collaborative innovating of the sphere via the acceptance of solutions that would help to benefit all actors. Finally, better data collection due to the new devices is another visible change area that experiences significant changes nowadays. The significance of these changes can be evidenced by the fact that they replace old approaches and help to achieve new performance levels.
Innovative Plans
Reconsideration of outdated approaches that are nowadays used in the MRO sphere is one of the prior concerns of commercial aviation. Today, the majority of companies and manufacturers have special innovative plans that presuppose the gradual introduction of new methods and devices to achieve better results, save costs, and attain higher accuracy levels (Esposito et al., 2019). The given guidelines presuppose the continuous improvement of the sphere by its digitalization and innovation. The existing alterations in terms of the projects can already be seen because of the devotion of significant funds to the promotion of new means to perform MRO procedures and enhanced cooperation between various actors. That is why these changes are an integral part of the existing environment peculiar to the sphere.
Cooperation Between all Actors of the Process
Another visible alteration of the sphere is the focus on the cooperation between all stakeholders involved in MRO processes. Accepting the fact that collaboration is a key to enhanced performance, corporations and manufacturers engage in improved data sharing and knowledge generation (Esposito et al., 2019). Today, there is already a specific international framework, including multiple giant corporations such as Boeing, Rolls-Royce, that focus on the further promotion of technologies and innovations with the primary goal to reduce the costs or MRO and outcomes. Modern planes are complex machines that consist of multiple parts that should be assessed and evaluated to ensure their correct work. It might presuppose the cooperation between actors to achieve better results. For this reason, the commercial aviation sphere is characterized by the tendency towards closer interaction.
Tracking
As stated above, tracking all parts that should undergo MRO procedures and their way into plants is one of the critical tasks of manufacturers. Today, there is a digitalized framework that presupposes simplification of the given goal with the use of technologies such as cameras, drones, and robots to fix positions of particular mechanisms and report their location to ground services (Esposito et al., 2019). The employment of this sort of innovation by MRO services providers becomes a trend of the existing aviation sphere, and hangars are equipped with multiple technologies and tracking tools that have a positive impact on the overall performance levels and contribute to the reduction of time, cost, and mistakes rate.
Data Processing
The importance of relevant and correct data acquired during MRO procedures is recognized by all companies that work in the given sphere and provide this sort of service. For this reason, today, there are multiple changes aimed at the improvement of data transfer and its processing. First, corporations have unique systems and software that help to avoid mistakes caused by the human factor (Esposito et al., 2019). Second, the creation of an environment characterized by faster data transfer remains the top priority for modern companies as they want to achieve better performance. For this reason, today, there are significant changes in the functioning of the commercial aviation sphere and MRO that presuppose the generation of relevant data to use in the future and create the basis for new achievements.
Expected Outcomes
In such a way, under the impact of forces described above, and advantages that can be acquired due to the use of emerging technologies, several outcomes can be expected shortly. First, companies will continue to employ innovations and promote their use to attain success. Second, costs of MRO, the time needed to perform these procedures will be reduced due to the application of technologies, while the accuracy will increase. Third, in the next five years, the degree to which technologies are integrated with the functioning of the aviation sphere will become more significant because of the promising character of innovations.
Improved Management
The approach to management also starts to alter under the impact of emerging technologies. First, workers widely use devices in their work to minimize mistakes rate and ensure the high accuracy of all measurements. Moreover, tracking procedures are also performed by using special software or tools that are designed to replace outdated managerial methods and attain higher accuracy of data processing (Esposito et al., 2019). That is why there are significant alterations in the sphere of management that are stipulated by the advantageous character of technologies. Workers acquire new methods to perform their tasks and be more productive by tracking parts of the engine and improving understanding of their status.
Creation of a New Approach to MRO
Under the impact of innovations and emerging technologies, a new approach to MRO is being created now. One of the core elements of this new paradigm is the broad employment of technologies with the focus on reduction of costs, time, and improvement of accuracy. The innovative method also includes the use of robots, drones, and other devices by ground services with the primary goal to create the complete, digitalized image of an aircraft and investigate its most difficult-to-access parts (Esposito et al., 2019). This sort of augmented reality can become an integral part of the new approach to MRO, as in the majority of cases, no serious interventions are needed, and this sort of check will help to economize time.
Application of the Basic Concepts of Ground and Flight Safety
Implementation of innovative technologies in the sphere of MRO should also be followed by the improvement of security measures that can create a safe environment. Reliability is one of the basic concerns regarding the aviation maintenance industry as planes should possess all qualities demanded to guarantee that passengers will be delivered to their destination points. For this reason, the integration of emerging technologies is followed by the reconsideration of the existing approach to security. New devices are expected to discover defects or threatening aspects before they can cause critical damage to the aircraft and result in their crash (Vieira & Loures, 2016). For this reason, the basic concepts of ground and flight safety become reconsidered to function in terms of the new digitalized environment characterized by the dominance of technologies in all spheres, including MRO.
At the same time, there are no radical changes in the demands to the quality of all services and practices peculiar to the maintenance industry. The core requirement remains the same as it is critical to guarantee that passengers and the crew are protected and can benefit from the perfect state of the aircraft. For this reason, ground and flight services should cooperate and employ new emerging technologies to ensure that the best possible measures are selected. The innovative technologies also provide a chance to improve authentication and authorization mechanisms to protect data that is acquired during the MRO procedures to minimize insider and other threats (Price, 2018). In such a way, the relevant framework for ground and flight safety preserves the same goals; however, with the gradual appearance of new means, it becomes more effective and changes to be able to employ technologies and benefit from their increased effectiveness.
Perspectives and Challenges
Further perspectives related to the use of innovations in the sphere are overall positive. They remain an important part of the change process as emerging technologies contribute to the generation of a competitive advantage, which is fundamental for all companies working in the sector. That is why manufacturers foster the employment of devices and the transformation of the industry to acquire better results.
At the same time, some challenges should be considered when speaking about innovations in the aviation sphere. First of all, it remains a cost-demanding activity that should be financed to enjoy benefits in the future. Additionally, there is a need for the creation of a special environment characterized by a high level of digitalization to be ready to utilize complex devices and tools. For this reason, the in-depth primary analysis for the use of technologies becomes critical.
Conclusion
Altogether, the impact of new emerging technologies on commercial aviation maintenance, repair, and overhaul cannot be denied. The majority of corporations working in the given sphere accept an outstanding potency of devices and innovations. The employment of robots, drones, and electronic assessment tools can help to reduce the costs and time needed to perform the main MRO procedures. At the same time, technologies help to increase accuracy and achieve better results. At the moment, maintenance constitutes the main aspect of the spending of any company. That is why all providers of these services are interested in the promotion of the extensive use of technologies to ensure that the new level of performance will be achieved.
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