Introduction
The first four concepts are connected as they refer to interdisciplinary fields and their subjects. As a science, genomics is concerned with exploring the genome, and the latter represents a collection of genes and chromosomes. Proteomics studies proteins in the human body, including their interactions, functions, and their internal structure. Next, genes and proteins are interrelated, with the former helping produce the latter by providing the necessary information (Stenton et al., 2020). Genotype represents a set of genes and determines the organism’s phenotype by promoting the development of certain traits and physical characteristics.
DNA/RNA Comparison
Concerning structures, DNA consists of two strands, and RNA has only one. Additionally, DNA outperforms RNA in terms of the nucleotide chain’s length and contains thymine. In RNA, the latter is replaced with a different compound, such as uracil (Allison, 2021). In terms of function, DNA helps store the organism’s gene-related information, whereas RNA instrumentalizes this information to initiate protein production (Allison, 2021). Thus, functionally, the former’s role involves information storage/transfer, and the latter catalyzes protein synthesis.
Genetic Technologies for Pathogen Identification
Technologies that would be the most useful in determining the pathogen include two types of genomic sequencing. Sanger sequencing, which is an older technology, would help sequence the pathogen’s genome and produce trustworthy results with regard to the pathogen’s identity (U.S. Government Accountability Office [U.S. GAO], 2021). Since they are time-efficient, next-generation sequencing (NSG) technologies would also be extremely helpful, especially if the pathogen spreads quickly (U.S. GAO, 2021). The technologies could be used together to ensure perfect accuracy.
The Human Genome Project (HGP)
The HGP’s goal consisted of objectives in various areas, ranging from genetic map production to functional analysis. The HGP sought to develop high-resolution genetic maps, explore over 95% of the genome, and identify all genes in humans and eventually promoted the development of genomics, bioinformatics, and proteomics (Peters, 2018). Genomics combines informatics with biology at the molecular level to explore the genome in its entirety, and bioinformatics has emerged to facilitate computer-assisted manipulation of large amounts of DNA-related data (Peters, 2018). Proteomics, which can be called a more recent development, is concerned with the exploration of protein sequences and modeling their structures.
References
Allison, L. A. (2021). Fundamental molecular biology (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
Peters, T. (2018). Human genome project. In W. Van Huyssteen (Ed.), Encyclopedia of science and religion. Cengage. Web.
Stenton, S. L., Kremer, L. S., Kopajtich, R., Ludwig, C., & Prokisch, H. (2020). The diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism by an integrative “multi-omics” approach: A perspective encompassing genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics. Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease, 43(1), 25-35. Web.
U.S. Government Accountability Office. (2021). Science & tech spotlight: Genomic sequencing of infectious pathogens. GAO. Web.