Sciences Free Essay Examples

The skin is the most critical and largest human organ. It provides a connection of the body with the surrounding nature and is also a feature that distinguishes one person from another. Moreover, it supports the homeostasis of body temperature, and changes in this indicator are called hypo and hyperthermia....

The shoot system of flowering plants consists of leaves, stems, and bud structures, as well as flowers and fruit. The root system has mechanical and conductive functions. The mechanical role of the roots is to create a stable position of the plant on the surface. The conductive function is responsible...

Introduction Carbohydrates are sugar molecules that play crucial roles in our body system. Carbohydrates are involved in several significant functions in our body, which are discussed below. First, carbohydrates provide energy and regulate blood glucose in the body (Stoker, 2015). Once eaten, carbohydrates are digested and then consequently broken further...

Species typically live in groups where they should involve in cooperation with other living creatures for feeding, breeding, and others. Non-human primates can use various signals and cues to achieve the tasks above. Számadó (2011, p. 4) indicates that the two can influence the receiver’s behavior, while signals are peculiar...

Numerous changes that continue in the environment take place over a long time. Sustainable agriculture provides a long-term impact on the agro-ecosystem. It aims to produce food in an environmentally friendly environment that prevents depletion of soil fertility or pest problems. This area uses a proactive approach as opposed to...

Sampling is an important component of research that can have a substantial impact on the findings, their validity and reliability. The article understudy is written by Labrague and McEnroe-Petitte (2016) and is concerned with the influence of the level of anxiety among women undergoing gynecological surgery. The study involved 97...

Introduction Phytoremediation is when green plants are used to treat and control hazardous chemicals and contaminants from groundwater and soil by uptaking the pollutants into the plant tissue or leaves. Examples of these contaminants are metal and metalloids, sludge, convectional wastes, and xenobiotic pollutants. The process is eco-friendly, which can...

Background Cellular respiratory is a set of processes and reactions that occur inside the cells of a living organism. They aim at converting chemical energy from oxygen molecules to energy that can be used by body tissues (Budin 1186). Additionally, these reactions convert nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The cellular...

Introduction Statistical research is one of the most popular modes of examining patterns and variable associations. It entails collecting a large amount of numerical data and analyzing it to make meaningful conclusions. Its three most important phases are data collection, analysis, and interpretation. Often, data analysis can only occur when...

Astronomy has had an important influence on many aspects of past civilizations. Culture, agricultural farming, education, film, and communication industry as well as medicine have used astronomy widely. The knowledge of time as well as differentiating different seasons has depended on astronomy to a great degree, especially in many developing...

Introduction The paper aims to compare four ways of data collection, such as survey research, which involves a process of asking questions and analyzing responses, field research, which focuses on making observations, and secondary analysis of existing data, and triangulation, which refers to the combination of the methods. The author...

Introduction Predictive modeling is used to forecast results and outcomes for various types of situations and processes. Neural networks are the tools individuals can utilize for these purposes. This paper provides insight into the complex process of constructing predictive regression models, as well as training them and choosing appropriate input...

Introduction The depth of studies increases alongside the technological progress of humanity. Genetics is one of the scientific fields that benefit greatly from these advancements, as many of its aspects rely on the analysis of massive data sets. However, when scientists began working with human DNA, it became apparent that...

Introduction In epidemiology, statistical precision and information exactness are extremely vital. As such, accuracy on the associations between outcomes of interest and exposure should be free from any form of distortion. However, different factors may hinder information validity resulting in distorted exposure/outcome associations. This essay discusses bias and confounding as...

Article Critique Typically, during research, an investigator has to be physically present to collect data; this can influence the respondent’s response and behavior. The consequence of the participant’s responses is altered or biased results. Unobtrusive information collection methods may be used to resolve some of these data errors. The purpose...

The advancement in technology and science has helped man over the years to come up with miraculous cures and inventions; profitable to the mankind in all ways possible. One of the major reasons of the exponential growth in population is the sharp decrease in mortality rates all over the world;...

In medical research, scholars use two types of data: prospective and retrospective. Prospective data refers to new data that is collected to answer a specific research question. When scholars use this data type, they first develop their study design and determine their sample, and then gather the data generated over...

Introduction This presentation focuses on a single bird species, the American Crow. It is a common name of this bird, while its scientific name is Corvus brachyrhynchos (Townsend, Taff, et al., 2019). Its picture is present on the slide to demonstrate its appearance. American Crows typically live in the northern...

Introduction Analytical balances are laboratory equipment that enables to conduct of precise weights measurements. It consists of a body, flat panel display (LED display), draft shield, door handle, four-level adjustment feet, and buttons. The vital part is a balance pan, on which weights can be put. Analytical balances are common...

The two hypotheses of the article include: H1 – Grabbing water bodies have a negative socio-economic impact on indigenous residents with different livelihoods, H0 – Grabbing water bodies do not have a negative socio-economic impact on indigenous residents with different livelihoods. The hypothesis is correct since the research is focused...

It goes without saying that the functioning of the human organism is a complicated process. Cells are mainly categorized as either eukaryotic or prokaryotic. Regardless of the classification, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells share a lot in common. Both of them are surrounded by a semi-permeable plasma membrane that has...

Human beings were trying to answer the simple from the first glimpse throughout the whole history, but enormously broad from the other perspective question: “What human nature is like?” The biggest problem with this question is that too many possible answers eliminate the one “right” answer. This is because of...

Figure 1 below shows the screenshot of the values obtained through excel. The mean height is 68.9 and the standard deviation is 4.41. Compared to the mean height of the results, I am taller since my height is 72. Step 2 The participants for the study were selected through sampling....

A hypothesis testing process consists of four consecutive steps that present a logical basis for decision-making concerning the validity of a hypothesis. In particular, the first step is stating the hypotheses, where a null hypothesis implies that there is no relationship between the variables. The alternative hypothesis implies that there...

Introduction An identification process of protein that is accurate is required to be able to produce quantitative proteomics; this process is mostly carried out by searching automated softwares, they track the sequence of the database which contains mass spectra tandem of peptides, if these peptides do not have enough data,...

According to Nizet and Arnold, GAS (Group A streptococcus) is has the scientific name of Streptococcus pyogenes, the only species that exists in the beta-hemolytics group of streptococci (698). Streptococcus is a gram-positive bacterium that develops in the form of chains, predominantly in the fluid environment. In the relation to...

Evolution refers to the process that causes changes in allele occurrences in a population over a period. Conferring to Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution, the event takes place by natural selection (Ashraf & Sarfraz, 2016). Thus, evolution enables organisms to acquire characteristics that best suit their environment, increasing their chances...

As the name of the seventh chapter of Moral Choices suggests, Rae talks about biotechnology, genetics, and human cloning. He generally discusses the various ways professionals perform genetic testing, and, as the result, the ways they determine whether a person or a child has a predisposition to a specific genetic...

General Description of Homo Floresiensis Homo Floresiensis is a primitive hominine species that has become an object of active scientific debates. H. Floresiensis was discovered in 2003 in Lang Bua (Indonesia) in the Late Pleistocene sediments (Sutikna et al., 2016). For a long time, the scientists have been discussing the...

Introduction It is important to note that a major part of human immunity is reliant on antibody-antigen interactions. Antibodies are produced by a body to detect and eliminate antigens. The main antigens of SARS-CoV-2 are nucleocapsid proteins (N) and spike proteins (S). The study focuses on a more abundant antigen,...

The recent article “The future of satellites lies in the constellations” by Nataniel Scharping, published in Astronomy magazine, discusses possible opportunities and problems that may arise from the launching and operation of numerous satellites. The author argues that by 2030, the number of active satellites revolving around the Earth may...

The bootstrap-t algorithm is inspired by Student’s t-test, as its name indicates. It introduces a similar parameter T and calculates its percentiles, which can then be used to establish confidence intervals for the initial parameter of interest. With that said, since the T-percentiles are unknown, it is necessary to approximate...

Intelligence is the ability to reason, solve problems, make decisions and learn new concepts. Additionally, creativity and emotional knowledge constitute the intelligence levels of an individual. My IQ test result is 103, reflecting my intelligence levels since the test focuses on analytic and mental capabilities (Ruhl, 2020). Some ways of...

Introduction The concepts of osmosis, diffusion, and active transport concern the movement of molecules and are some of the foundational terminologies of the biology curriculum. Nevertheless, the terms are frequently confused and misunderstood. According to the research by Reinke, Kynn, and Parkinson (2019), most first-year biology students have a large...

Historical Background The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is the original home of Islam and the Arab people and occupies a large part of the Arabian Peninsula (Vassiliev, 2013). Saudi Arabian citizens mostly support the Arab and Muslim cultures that connect them with millions of people in different parts of the...

Introduction The concept of future and present value lies at the center of finance. Businesses strive to perform something worth resulting in a future payout. Therefore, it is recommendable to calculate their future outflow or inflow value using the present value. This calculation heavily relies on the time value of...

Hunting and gathering were the primary activities of foraging communities in the prehistoric era. It implied that people simply harvested the goods already prepared for them by nature and resettled to a different area once the previous one was depleted. According to Suzman (2018), archaeologists and historians used to believe...

Both qualitative and quantitative research represent sets of strategies, techniques, and processes that are used to collect data or evidence for further analysis with the aim of uncovering new information or facilitate a better understanding of a topic at hand. Understanding the differences between quantitative and qualitative study methodologies is...

Materials and Methods GST Pull Down The protein-protein interaction experiment produced the 6*His-USP elution fraction that was carefully transferred into a microfuge labeled USP7D. The labeled microfuge was then stored on ice. GST and GST-EBNA 1 peptide columns, which were initially loaded in the freezer, were obtained and allowed to...

Introduction Crude acid phosphatase, an enzyme, is vital in speeding up biological reactions, and as such, it comes in handy in the manufacture of proteins as well as the conversion of sugar compounds into usable sugar substrates. The enzyme phosphatase is an ubiquitous acid found in both plants and animal....

Capillaries are small blood vessels that help connect veins and arteries while also facilitating the exchange of different vital elements between tissues and blood. They represent core connections in the arterial system, which includes the blood vessels that carry blood in the direction away from the heart and toward the...

The state of Ohio, sometimes nicknamed Buckeye State, is located in the midwest of the United States. It is bordered by Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Kentucky. Across the Ohio River is Indiana, Michigan, and Lake Erie (Fact Monster, 2021). The state is formed by mostly flat land with some hills...

Background Morphine was discovered in early 1800 by 21-year old Freidrich Wilhelm Serturner. Through curiosity, Serturner got interested in the opium medicinal plant which was used by 18th-century physicians. His main concern was the medicinal properties of opium (Clark & Graham, 2008). He however used his free time studying the...

Introduction Traditional Chinese medicine has a fundamental and very different outlook on human health developed and supplemented for over two thousand years. While modern Western medicine is reactive, focusing on the treatment of disease, traditional Chinese medicine focuses on health to prevent disease. This work in its content describes the...

Introduction The American Robin is also known as Turdus migratorius is a medium-sized migratory songbird that belongs to the “thrush” genus. Its geographic spans the entire North American continent, but it commonly seen in northern Nearctic regions, particularly for breeding. It is carnivorous and highly adaptable. The bird is one...

Introduction Due to being one of the most formidable countries in various dimensions, the USA is frequently regarded as having had a great impact on the development of the world’s culture. In fact, there persists an opinion that cultural globalization is nothing else than Americanization of the world’s cultures. Quite...

Introduction to Professional Research Research is very important in the modern world as having created a lot of theories people want to have the confirmation of what they have predicted. The scientific approach to the research is very important as only in this way one may consider the theory in...

The Neville Theta C function is named after Eric Harold Neville and is mathematically defined as: From the formula, K(m) is the complete elliptic integration of the first kind K’(m) =K(1-m), and   is the elliptical nome (Lide 135). It should be noted that the function θp (z, m) can at times...

Introduction Quantitative studies often allow for a deeper understanding of phenomena (Campbell & Stanley, 1963), and a multiple regression is a method which permits for estimating whether there is a relationship between a number of predictor variables and an outcome variable (Frankfort-Nachmias & Nachmias, 2015). It can also be used...

The term research refers to a systematic inquiry that seeks to investigate new forms of hypotheses, comes up with the latest interpretations of texts or data, as well as poses previously unasked questions for future researchers to explore and come up with solutions. Any research activity usually consists of asking...

Introduction The academic study of the physical principles of electricity is not limited to the study of theoretical concepts but instead focuses on the possibilities of their practical application. In this virtual laboratory work, knowledge of the theory of the connection of resistors in an electrical circuit was tested: series...

Introduction This study discusses Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, which are also called PAHs, as specific chemicals materials that present huge risk for the environment, animals, and human beings. These materials are formed as a result of process of combustion of different materials. The project also mentions the process of calibration and...

Our project aimed to characterize Norway from its economy, politics, geography, social and cultural factors, business conduct, and an effective strategy for intercultural negotiations. Having analyzed geographical, government, and economic factors, we can conclude that the sea has historically been of great economic importance for the Norwegian country. It allowed...

The article under consideration is titled “Dynamic bayesian networks based abnormal event classifier for nuclear power plants in case of cybersecurity threats.” It is drawn from a journal called “Progress in Nuclear Energy” and is authored by Pavan Kumar Vaddi together with seven other scholars. The article explains that nuclear...

Introduction There are no other cells in the human body that can generate more different cells than stem cells. Research scientists have developed an interest in stem cells’ composition and applicability in the medical field (Wang et al., 2017). Cell division of the stem cells can generally occur in the...

The results obtained in the experimental test with Mannitol salt agar (MSA), showed that there was microbial growth in the plates inoculated with staphylococcus aureus. However, the colonies of S. aureus were quite different in size and color components. Actually, the colonies of S. aureus were small in size, but...

Introduction The objective of investigations in oncology is the discovery and assessment of therapeutic strategies on models. These studies require efficient and modern functionalized contrast agents to envisage tumor growth, for evaluating the effect of treatment, and/or for propagating the annihilation of cancerous tumors. These applications involve ample pharmacokinetic aspects...

Definitions In the process of researching, the necessity to provide the correct meaning of discussed terminology units arises on a regular basis to ensure readers accurate understanding. Therefore, the methods and the process of defining are issues of great importance in every study. There are two common approaches to carefully...

Compare the various types of ANOVA by discussing when each is most appropriate for use. Include specific examples to illustrate the appropriate use of each test and how interaction is assessed using ANOVA Analysis of variance (ANOVA) has two different types: the tests can be one-way or two-way, and the...

The process of electromagnetic assist impact collision (MAIC) is used to combine reactive nanoparticles with activated carbon bead to produce a multi-functional particulate. A reactive-adsorptive multi-functional protective particulate contains both chemically and biologically protective capabilities in a form whose handling during use and manufacture does not pause difficulties. The nanoparticles...

Introduction Effect size is an important statistic that reflects the strength/magnitude of a relationship between two variables. This paper uses the article by Mancuso (2010) as an example to show that effect sizes should be reported in studies because they allow for assessing the practical importance of the attained results,...

Background Alcohol oxidation to aldehydes and ketones is vital during the synthesis of organic compounds. However, bleach can only directly oxidate some alcohols to carboxylic acids, ketones, or aldehydes. The shortcoming emerges because oxidation requires displacement of OH using NaOCl during substitution reaction (Chem 242: Lab Section, 2014). Most organic...

This is a method that used in the modeling of dichotomous outcome variables. It is usually represented in two forms, either as simple logistic regression or multiple logistic regression. The simple logistic regression is used whenever there is one nominal variable with two values and a measurable variable. Under such...

Glycolysis is a biological term used to describe reactions that extract energy from glucose by dividing it into two three-carbon molecules named pyruvates. It is an old metabolic pathway found in most living organisms (Chandel, 2021). The term glycolysis is derived from the root of two words, namely glycol, which...

Introduction It can be said that anthropologists are one of the most ambitious and bravest scientists since their ultimate goals are to analyze every aspect of humanity and understand its complex, contradictory, and sometimes mystical nature. They have developed various methodologies, approaches, and concepts to achieve this during the existence...

Introduction With the growing population, meeting the necessary food demands needs improvement of crop productivity, possibly by enhancing photosynthesis efficiency. Photorespiration happens in most C3 crops, leading to toxic byproducts such as glycolate. Processing these toxins is costly as it utilizes a lot of the plant’s energy reducing the crop’s...

The change in the host behavior, which parasites are allegedly responsible for according to the tenets of the behavioral manipulation theory (Lim et al. 2012), can be seen when observing rats. According to the principal concepts of the theoretical framework, parasites, in general, and Toxoplasma gondii, in particular, are capable...

In a paper titled “Ethics, Reflexivity, and “Ethically Important Moments” in Research”, Guillemin and Gillam (2004) discusse the importance of ethics while undertaking research and how researchers handle ethical problems that come up in the practice of research. The authors question whether there are conceptual structures that they can use...

Introduction The Pearson’s correlation coefficient r is a statistic that shows the degree to which the values of two variables x and y are in the linear correlation; r takes values from -1 to 1, with r = 1 when the correlation can be described with the linear function (y...

Gamma Gliadin will bind to the APC receptor and initiate an inflammatory response. Antisense protein can either make a cluster of Gamma gliadin hence not making them available to initiate the reaction. The other possible method is that it interrupts with tTG enzyme that mediates this reaction and modifies Gliadin....

Carrot is considered a root vegetable because it has a horn like shape. It comes in different colors like red, white, and yellow varieties. However, most varieties come in an orange colour. A fresh carrot has a crisp texture. Its taproot is commonly eaten as it contains a high concentration...

It is important to note that sources and their credibility plays an essential role in ensuring that the writing is evidential and persuasive because the lack of high-quality and reliable sources is indicative of the questionability of the presented statements. The New Yorker article is not as credible as it...

Today, the debates about the benefits of wolves’ coming back to Colorado for citizens continue. On the one hand, we cannot neglect the well-known fact that a gray wolf was a symbol of the West during a long period in the 19th century. On the other hand, it is necessary...

The topic of photosynthesis has widely been researched by scientists as it is significant for green plants and other organisms to form chemical energy from light energy. The conversion of light energy involves carbon dioxide (CO2), water, and minerals to organic compounds rich in energy and oxygen. Therefore, this suggests...

Introduction Scientists sought to experiment that drinking coffee may have a positive implication to blood sugar levels that may lead to diabetes. This procedure had to be carefully conducted to articulate positive results that could be verified through standard experimental procedures. In a research procedure, some experiments may only be...

Introduction The aim of the experiment was to validate Kirchhoff’s Rules as applied in electrical circuits. The practical work was undertaken virtually by using the PhET interactive simulation (PHET Interactive Simulations, 2021). The setup was designed and arranged as shown in the figure below. The lab work employed the general...

Introduction Background Invasive plant species can be described as “introduced species that have the ability to thrive in areas beyond their natural range and dispersal” (Cellot et al. 1998). This category of plants easily adapts to new environments in an aggressive manner with high reproduction rates. They lack natural enemies,...

Introduction of Kenya Kenya has become an investment target for many foreign countries and investors, with China at the forefront. The Kenyan demographics’ profile as of 2013 was primarily affected by factors such as increased mortality rates due to HIV/AIDS. As a result, the country generally experiences low life expectancy,...