Water covers about 70% of the Earth’s surface and is an important resource for people and the environment. One of modern life’s most pressing problems is pollution, especially water pollution. Many people cannot drink the water from the rivers they live near, nor can they drink tap water, because most of the seas and rivers are used as dumping grounds for industrial and nuclear waste. These substances are harmful to living organisms, and as a result, water poisoning occurs, which kills fish and marine animals. When animals eat other animals that are already infected, the chemicals are passed up the food chain and become even more harmful (Hasan et al. 135). Moreover, this infected fish can be eaten by a person, which will cause various diseases. Contaminants include fertilizers and pesticides, food waste, lead and other heavy metals, and various chemicals.
Anthropogenic pollution of land waters plays a huge negative role. The main sources of pollution are industry, transport, agriculture, and utilities. In water pollution, the share of industry is the largest, especially enterprises of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, energy, oil refining and petrochemistry, woodworking and pulp and paper industries. As a major pollution source, agriculture discharges chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and waste from livestock farms into inland waters (Quesada et al. 778). Water transport dumps a large amount of waste and oil products into rivers and lakes. Pollution is divided into physical, chemical and biological. Physical pollution includes pollution with solid waste – garbage, forest loss during mole rafting. Such pollution does not pose a danger to living organisms but hinders the work of transport, fishing and degrades the quality of the landscape.
An assessment of the degree of deterioration of conditions in aquatic ecosystems under the influence of pollution or other anthropogenic impacts with one or another accuracy can currently be formulated only in relation to practical forms of using water bodies. A well-developed biocirculation can serve as an indicator of the ecological well-being of aquatic ecosystems. The forecast of the state of aquatic ecosystems and the influence of trends in their change are extremely important for long-term planning of the rational operation of water bodies (Xiao et al. 15). Man must stabilize his exchange with nature on the basis of its adequacy, a harmonious combination of the interests of society and the possibilities of nature. In simple terms, a person must protect nature – in particular water resources. After all, the possibilities of water resources are not unlimited and sooner or later, they may end.
Works Cited
Hasan, Md Khalid, Abrar Shahriar, and Kudrat Ullah Jim. “Water pollution in Bangladesh and its impact on public health.” Heliyon vol. 5, no. 8, 2019. pp. 130-138.
Quesada, Heloise Beatriz, et al. “Surface water pollution by pharmaceuticals and an alternative of removal by low-cost adsorbents: A review.” Chemosphere vol. 22, no. 2, 2019. pp. 766-780.
Xiao, Lu, Jianyue Liu, and Jinwen Ge. “Dynamic game in agriculture and industry cross-sectoral water pollution governance in developing countries.” Agricultural Water Management no. 243, 2021 pp. 13-20.