Introduction
The act of causing physical, psychological harm, or property damage is known as a crime that is against the state law and may lead to punishment. Criminology is the study of criminal behavior with the objective of prediction, prevention, and corrective actions. Criminologists are the personnel that carries out research and analyses the findings to understand the crime as well as develop theories based on the criminal data to implement criminal justice policies and procedures (Faraldo-Cabana & Lamela, 2021).
The rapid increase of jobless people in the population has resulted in the crime increase at an alarming rate in the streets. Therefore, police officers are outdone by the workload, forcing different agencies to develop strategies. That could help in predicting a crime before it occurs and taking the necessary action to ensure that the crime did not occur by informing the police on time and directing them to the crime scene.
Technological invention and innovation have helped greatly in the actualization of this idea by the use of machine language and computer vision algorithms and techniques. Computer vision is a kind of artificial intelligence that trains a computer to comprehend and understand the environment around it by the use of cameras (Ceccaroni et al., 2019). The information collected, such as face recognition, location determination, motion sensors, and people’s action viewed through a screen in a remote location, helps to make a possible prediction of a crime. The main objective of this study is to determine how technology such as computer visioning algorithms can be implemented by police officers to solve crimes faster and efficiently.
Minority Report Synopsis
In the movie minority report, the security agency they have an artificial intelligence system that could predict a crime and identify the criminal even before the crime occurs. The machine contains three mutants, “precogs,” which directs the police to make the pre-crime arrest before they cause any harm. Science fiction is a technology innovation that lagged the imagination by decades where computer visioning could use surveillance cameras to gain information about a suspect by monitoring their movement. Tom Cruise suffered from a crime that he was framed and yet to happen. Finally, the system was believed to have some bugs that affected the actual prediction and led to all suspects being released under supervision. Later many of the pre-arrested suspects committed the actual crime, which was predicted by the system. The system was programmed with information about the laws so that it could identify what is illegal or illegal.
The system was considered very reliable and accurate in the hunting and filling of justice in the case by providing undeniable shreds of evidence. Algorithms such as linear regression were used as it takes face recognition and compares it in different databases, and obtains more information of the suspect (Guo & Zhang, 2019). Such as the social security number, plate license number, and bank accounts, and respective transactions.
This algorithm gives a potential breakthrough in predicting the crime occurrence due to suspicion of events (Joh, 2019). As it collects data, classifies it, identifies the possible pattern, visualizes, and makes an accurate prediction based on the crime dataset. The criminal was captured even before they committed the actual crime that was associated with them, and the victims were secured from the harm as the system could see the future event even before it happened in reality.
Criticism on Technology
Based on the movie minority report, many people were harassed and tortured as the system predicted them as criminals for the offense they did not commit, which was a violation of human rights. A security agency of a state that has adopted machine learning and computer visioning to maintain law and order. Society suffers from an equal mindset assumption as it dictates that everyone has equal rights and there are no favors. Since the elite people who know the tricks of technology can evade its monitoring and live under their rules (Fartash et al., 2018). These are the people who build the system or work with the system. Modern technology is not fair as it represents the interests of a specific industrial civilization that exploits the technical knowledge of algorithms.
The system also may be inefficient due to many races who have different beliefs and rules on what is wrong or right based on human reasoning. Thus creating a dilemma on how to handle such a situation should it be judged based on parties involved or according to the general values. This creates a social psychological philosophy, the neutrality of technology when handling humanity in a disturbing environment, and their cultural values (Afroogh et al., 2021). Concluding such cases depends on human reasoning by weighing if the side effects outweigh the benefits. For instance, an abortion requires a high level of reasoning and problem solving, which is not possible to write its algorithm in a machine because it is accompanied by human feeling.
Implementation of advanced artificial intelligence and machine learning in the provision of security will eliminate the role of police officers. Since such machines are considered to offer many services better than human security guards and at a cheaper rate (Haring et al., 2019). Robots used in security perform much basic function better than human because they contain weapon detection capability, facial recognition, and automated readers and scanner, which has higher processing speed and accuracy (Rahim et al., 2020). This may result in the layoff of police officers who will turn to be jobless, thus affecting the state economy.
The assumption in socio-political in technology that what works in one society should also work in the other is a wrong perception. Since people have a different understanding of moral and religious values. Especially in capitalist and socialist societies, some concepts are intertwined from one society to the other as once need to be judged based on their sacredness of life. The understanding of technology appears to account for differences from traditions, beliefs, and socio-technical mental models (Ahlborg et al., 2019). Technology erodes the belief of a community, and it constitutes a new type of cultural system as an object of control.
Police Deskilling
Most important and common tasks are being automated to be performed by machines which could lead to the high risk of police officers’ skills being obsolete. Some tasks such are data processing is automated and done perfectly by computers algorithms lead to human skills and labor becoming less important (Feenberg, 2017). In a system that uses artificial intelligence to investigate by assuming the role of a criminalist, the system scans millions of police records from the database to generate a plausible lead in the investigation (Kinchin, 2021). Paperwork is considered as a police core function since the administration is one of the core work, but the implementation of automation by use of automation will greatly reduce the human involvement in producing and processing of data, thus eliminating officers with technical skills like analysts from their jobs.
Automobiles, too, have been automated manufacturing of driverless cars, which uses artificial intelligence like radar and computer visioning using 3-D cameras. This care contains an algorithm that is responsible for driving safely with no accidents. This will reduce the workload of traffic officers (Conner, 2017). Since police spend most of their time enforcing traffic rules such as overspeeding, expired registration, broken brake light, and drunk drivers. When self-driving cars are fully implemented, there will be fewer car crashes since machines do not experience fatigue, and violations of traffic laws will be reduced. The cars will be programmed to observe the required speed limits and drive cautiously.
Armed robots have been implemented in some private security agencies, and their functionality service overlaps to a considerable degree of human security. The robots are installed with cameras, plate readers, facial recognition, and firearms detectors (Turtiainen et al., 2020). In the military, the consideration of increasing robots on the battlefield is much attaining much interest to replace the human soldiers. This will result in too much bloodshed as the role of soldiers is not just to fight but to bring peace in any possible way.
The deskilling of polices labor is assumed by machines, so they begin to lose the acquired skill they use when administering their duties. As a result, many lose their jobs, or their wages are decreased as they are considered not important anymore. Instead of replacing the police skills by automating, systems should be developed that they can use to help in the policing task. The system should help in data gathering, information storage, and processing when inquired. This could facilitate in lowering the crime rate as well as less unnecessary police violence as they would be making an informed decision due to the availability of accurate information.
Technology Resistance
Many employees fear automation on the process in their area of operation since automation many take away the functions that they perform in an organization, making them obsolete. In maintaining law and order in a state, which is the main role of the police, most functions have been automated, making less labor force required (Christie, 1977). Leading to the mass unemployment of the skilled people who performed the automated duty since their skill is no longer required (Korinek & Stiglitz, 2019). With the invention of driverless cars, many truck drivers who consider driving as the source of earning a living will be at a threat of unemployment as well. Robots are considered to provide better labor efforts than humans as they could work for long hours without getting tired or reducing the quality of production.
Alternatively, people resist technology due to the physical harm that it may cause to the human body. Some technology, such as retina eye scanning, which may be used instead of a password, results in exposing the eye to infra-red rays. At times these rays exceed the human capability of withstanding the rays and eventually lead to visual impairment (Sneha & Sailaja, 2021). Working on a computer for long hours may result in brain reparation affecting the mental health of a person. The machine, when operating they produce noise and strong vibration, which causes hearing impairment (Jasanoff, 2015). Equally, machine using fossil fuel produces a large number of greenhouse gasses that affect the environment and bring about the hazard of global warming.
Violation of privacy people consider this a threat and does not make them feel comfortable or secure. In most urban centers, shopping malls, and institutions, there are closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras installed all over as there is always a person watching what you are doing or anywhere you go (Shah et al., 2021). Although the main purpose is for security purposes, too much of it makes someone feel insecure due to too much monitoring (Duncan et al., 2017). A digital footprint can be traced by an interested party to determine what one is up to in unthinkable ways, thus violating the privacy of the victim.
Conclusion
The sole objective of this study is to determine to what extent automation is embraced by the law agencies and authorities to solve crimes at a faster and more accurate technique. By coming up with ways to predict crime before it occurs, and set place the necessary measure to prevent the crime, and solve the crime or reduce the impact of the crime may happen. Although, this change comes with a price to pay which is deskilling of police officers or even layoffs, change of the structure to handle crimes, and the organization of the police. Finally, diminishing of social aspect as the law will be common to everybody irrespective of the social or cultural beliefs will create a pathway for the implementation since the laws, myths, and cultures will be standardized.
Although, the technology should be used as a competitor to human labor or individual with skills where the employer should way the benefit of humans services against that of machines. The systems should only be used as a tool to help skilled experts in achieving their goals accurately, efficiently, and timely. Therefore, instead of humans fighting the technology of automation in policy administration, we should embrace the use of the system to ensure transparency and democracy as they are not biased like humans hence delivering better services.
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