When applying a scientific method to the scenario, it is possible to offer null and research hypotheses. A null hypothesis is as follows: An experimental intervention does not lead to a statistically significant increase in students’ motivation to participate in discussions. Since a research hypothesis represents the expected outcome of a study, the following statement can be used: An experimental intervention significantly increases students’ motivation to participate in discussions.
Multiple designs can be used to test the hypotheses, meaning that it is necessary to choose the best option. Since the goal is to assess the effectiveness of a specific intervention, an experiment should be performed. The Pretest-Posttest Control-Group Design is not appropriate because the scenario does not have any information regarding pretest measurement. According to Skidmore (2008), the Solomon Four-Group Design is not suitable because it requires four treatment groups, while the scenario only offers two groups. Finally, the Posttest-Only Control-Group Design seems the best option because it includes random sampling, experimental and control groups, and post-intervention measurement (Skidmore, 2008). This information demonstrates that the third approach should be used to test the hypotheses.
It is necessary to comment on how one can mitigate the threats to internal validity. Firstly, a specific event that is not related to the intervention can occur before measurement, which can affect the students’ motivation (Skidmore, 2008). It is possible to address this threat by reducing the time between an intervention implementation and measurement. Secondly, an instrumentation threat can emerge if the researchers modify a dependent variable (Skidmore, 2008). It is possible to mitigate this condition by ensuring that variables remain stable after the experiment has started.
Finally, it is necessary to apply ethical principles to the suggested research. All the individuals should express a voluntary consent to participate in the experiment. Random sampling implies that the participants will be protected from any discrimination. That is why it is possible to conclude that this type of research respects individual rights and addresses cultural issues. Consequently, one can assume that the suggested study satisfies ethical standards.
Reference
Skidmore, S. (2008). Experimental design and some threats to experimental validity: A primer. Web.