Thapar, Anita. “Discoveries on the genetics of ADHD in the 21st century: new findings and their implications.” American Journal of Psychiatry vol. 175, no. 10, 2018, pp. 943-950. Web.
The main purpose of the article is to explore genetic findings on ADHD and consider their impact on clinical practice. The article is a review of the research made over 2012-2018 years that considers the influence of genes on ADHD development. Recent studies show that ADHD behaves like a neurodevelopmental disorder along with autism and intellectual disability. Moreover, ADHD is a multifactorial disorder that incorporates many genes variants. Thus, it can be the result of rare genetic mutations or common gene variants. The idea that ADHD has a genetic nature is supported by the fact that there is a genetic correlation between ADHD and other neurodevelopmental disorders (Thapar, 2018). The article is relevant to my research since it uncovers how gene variations may impact ADHD development.
The article may be helpful in ADHD treatment since it features gene combinations responsible for ADHD development and suggests directions for future research. The uniqueness of the article lies in the fact that is studies correlation between ADHD and intellectual disability at the genetic level and uncovers that some gene combinations may be responsible for both states. Furthermore, the article considers how genetic testing may benefit ADHD patients in terms of detectability and treatment of the decease. The author of the article has a Ph. D. in psychiatry; the article is highly credible and underpins its conclusions by reliable sources. The author comes to the conclusion that ADHD is neurodevelopmental disorder brought about by gene modifications such as cause many other psychiatric disorders such as intellectual disability and some others (Thapar, 2018). I believe the article sheds light on correlation between different psychiatric states from the genetic perspective, thus paving the way for further research into how psychiatric deceases, namely ADHD, may be passed down from one generation to the other.
Grimm, Oliver, Thorsten M. Kranz, and Andreas Reif. “Genetics of ADHD: what should the clinician know?.” Current Psychiatry Reports vol. 22, no. 4, 2020, pp. 1-8. Web.
The main purpose of the article is to study common and rare genetic risk variants for ADHD that may be instrumental in diagnosis and treatment of the disorder. The author investigates the heritability of ADHD by mapping all possible CNVs through whole-genome sequencing (WGS). The uniqueness of the work lies with the fact that the authors investigate possible impact of the use of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) methods on further diagnostics and treatment of ADHD. Grimm et al. (2020) come to the conclusion that while no specific gene variations are responsible for ADHD development, studying possible gene combinations may be instrumental in facilitating diagnostics and development of further treatment.
The authors are German researchers who work in the sphere of psychiatry at Goethe University Hospital and, therefore, have opportunities to conduct practice-based research. The data they present are reliable; the authors in their work rely on credible sources. The article is instrumental for my research since it studies correlations between gene variations and ADHD development, and it is widely known that gene variations may be passed down in the family from one generation to another. Therefore, I make a conclusion that ADHD may be genetically passed by family members especially in cases where unique gene combinations are responsible for the disease development.
Zayats, Tetyana, and Benjamin M. Neale. “Recent advances in understanding of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): how genetics are shaping our conceptualization of this disorder.” F1000Research 8 (2019). Web.
The main purpose of the article is to explore biological processes that underlie ADHD. The article dwells upon the impact of genetics on ADHD, ADHD prognosis and treatment. It has been found out that ADHD has a genetic overlap with autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disability that is why it can be referred to neurodevelopmental disorders (Zayats and Benjamin, 2019). Moreover, genetic correlations between such qualities as hyperactivity and inattention allowed to define ADHD as a spectrum disorder rather than a unitary one. The peculiarity of the work lies with the fact that the authors suggest to diagnose ADHD based not on clinical peculiarities of the decease but on molecular properties, a type of diagnostics that has not been considered before (Zayats and Benjamin, 2019). The authors conclude that this type of diagnostics would be more reliable as it is based on scientifically proven quotative genetic characteristics of ADHD.
The authors have a relevant background for the study working in Analytic and translational genetics unit of Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School. Moreover, Zayats (2019) is a member of the scientific advisory board at Deep Genomics at Takeda Pharmaceuticals and Biogen. The article is relevant for my research since it shows the direct correlation between genetics and ADHD development on a molecular level. From these, I gather it would be possible to draw genetic correlations conducive to ADHD development between family members necessary for my research.
Sengupta, Sarojini et al. “Facing the methodological challenge in dissecting the genetics of ADHD: a case for deep phenotyping and heterogeneity reduction.” Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, vol. 29, no 3, 2020, p. 188. Web.
The article aims to pinpoint specific genetic markers and environmental factors responsible for ADHD development. The authors used Pharmaco-Behavioural Genetic study method to single out gene combinations responsible for the disorder (Sengupta et al., 2020). Moreover, the authors used genotyping to assess the genetic resemblance of the affected child and his or her family. The uniqueness of the work lies with the fact that the researchers not only determined the genes responsible for the disorder, but also studied how these genes impacted children’s behavior and effectiveness of treatment. Thus, Sengupta et al. (2020) investigated the association between specific gene modulations, children’s behavior and outer factors that may be conducive to ADHD development. The researchers found out that certain gene modifications are responsible for certain behavioral traits while outer factors play no significant role in ADHD development.
The researchers work in Department of Psychiatry of McGill University in Montreal, Quebec and have relevant experience in working with ADHD. The article is relevant for my research since it studies the genetic modifications of ADHD family members may share. From the article I conclude that ADHD is genetically passed to family members while outer factors do not play a significant role in its development.