Human Security
Human security is a strategic policy agenda within the arena of international politics since it aims at addressing all forms of human vulnerabilities which threaten the well-being of communities around the world. The major susceptibilities and challenges include protracted violence and political conflicts, diseases, epidemics, natural calamities, economic crises, ethnic violence, and cyclic poverty. The challenges presented above are crucial threats to human security, based on the notion that they interfere with the peace, economic prosperity, community development, harmonious living in communities, and sustainable development programs. With regard to international politics, the matter of human security represents a critical agenda and challenge. Whenever the foundations of human security are disregarded, anarchy, global harmony and stability are adversely affected. Therefore, in the case of international politics, policy experts must integrate the element of human security in the design of any model to address the challenges presented by human vulnerabilities.
Nuclear Weapons
The regime for the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons has succeeded in its plan. The regime aims to prevent non-nuclear-weapons-states (NNWS) from participating in activities which promote the development or acquisition of nuclear-weaponry material. Furthermore, the treaty focuses on preventing the nuclear-weapon-states (NWS) from sharing or transferring their nuclear technology or instruments to the NNWS. Following the deadly Nagasaki and Hiroshima nuclear attacks by the United States, the United Nations held a nuclear-themed convention.
Fundamentally, the principal objective was to develop solutions and the appropriate action course regarding the challenge of nuclear weapons proliferation globally. The 1970 treaty has registered tremendous success in enhancing the reduction and discouraging the proliferation and development of nuclear weaponry and devices. The nuclear weapons issue presents a fundamental threat to the state of human security worldwide. Therefore, the non-proliferation regime on nuclear weapons has been extremely successful in the prevention of lethal nuclear attacks that would jeopardize human life.
Globalization of Financial Markets
The globalization of financial markets weakens a state’s capacity to develop or maintain a stable domestic fiscal system. It is crucial to fathom that globalization of financial markets requires that states undertake particular measures to liberate their pecuniary system policies to accommodate the demands of the international financial markets. In this regard, the domestic financial structure is devoid of strict regulations and rules to promote a healthy fiscal system. One of the common risk elements presented by the globalization of financial markets is the economic crisis. The state’s capacity to cushion its local financial system from the shocks and destabilization presented by global financial markets is compromised. Besides, the risk of capital flight typically weakens the domestic financial system’s liquidity position. The proliferation of unfair and unregulated practices within the international financial markets may highly interfere with the stability of the domestic financial system; thus, weakening its position.
Comparative Advantage
From the economics’ perspective, comparative advantage relates to an economy’s capacity to produce a given service or goods at a significantly lower production cost than the trading partners. With regard to international politics, the above-mentioned concept influences global and regional trade among nations by allowing companies to capitalize on the comparative advantage opportunities (Huitema et al., 2018). It enhances an organization’s capacity to sell services and commodities at significantly low prices than its rivals and attain a robust sale margin.
Tragedy of the Commons
The tragedy-of-the-commons is terminology in economics that refers to a challenge in economics that emerges when persons or entities abandon (neglect) a society’s well-being in the quest for personal gain. In consideration of international politics, some individuals in capitalistic nations have exploited natural resources and the state’s reserves for their gain while neglecting the element of collective societal prosperity (Huitema et al., 2018).
Revolution-in-Military-Affairs
The concept of revolution in military-affairs relates to the radical shift (change) in the practice of military doctrines, methods, tactics, and strategies involving warfare due to the impact of novel technologies in the military. In international politics, the concept is applied in warfare analysis and protracted wars and conflicts (Huitema et al., 2018).
International Criminal Court
The International-Criminal-Court (ICC) is an internationally recognized judicial body with authority from the member states to conduct trials and carry out investigations into high-profile crimes against the call for humanity ((Huitema et al., 2018). In international politics, the ICC has played a crucial role in delivering justice to persons affected by genocides and inter-ethnic conflicts in war-torn nations around the globe.
Failures of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) Doctrine
The efficacy of R2P has dwindled over the years since the period of its inception. The view bases on the appropriateness of the foundations from which its mandate emanates. About Darfur’s protracted conflict, the records demonstrate that the R2P strategy by the United Nations Security Council failed to deliver impressive results. Fundamentally, the situation of the violence and war in Darfur remained unchanged even after the implementation of the guidelines outlined in the R2P policy (Badescu & Bergholm, 2009). The authors in the investigative documentary report vehemently indicate that the R2P was an enormous let-down to the quest for tranquility and peace in the area of Darfur.
Taking an in-depth analysis into the instances whereby the R2P program has been implemented in nations, including Cote d’Ivoire, Libya, Yemen, Southern Sudan, and Somalia, a concise trend of progressive failure appears in the R2P’s functioning. Imperatively, the United Nation’s council on security should consider a comprehensive review aimed at strengthening the efficacy, scope, and authority of the R2P (Badescu & Bergholm, 2009). In this regard, meaningful results of the R2P shall be realized, and the degree of failure will reduce significantly.
Climate Change Policy
Climate change is a complex policy challenge in international politics due to the varied interests of powerful nations that control and shape the global agenda on climate change. I concur with the views of Layfield David on the success and challenges of the Kyoto Protocol. Indeed, nations across the globe signed up for the treaty or protocol in solidarity with the eradication of hazardous carbon emissions (Layfield, 2010). The Kyoto agreement’s fundamental objective was to reverse the dangerous trends set by the effects of climate change. In this regard, the Kyoto agreement gains have diminished with time due to the non-cooperation of some highly industrialized states who feel that their stoppage on the use of carbon-oriented fuels will adversely affect the growth of their industries. President Donald Trump signed out of the Paris and Copen-Hagen agreement on climate change based on his quest to protect the United States’ industrial interests. Such instances help demonstrate the power battles and political and policy challenges posed by powerful nations worldwide. However, with the implementation of well-thought and internationally acceptable climate-change protocols, the gains of carbon-emission reduction shall be achieved.
References
Badescu, C. G., & Bergholm, L. (2009). The responsibility to protect and the conflict-in-Darfur: The big let-down. Security Dialogue, 40(3), 287-309. Web.
Huitema, D., Jordan, A., Munaretto, S., & Hildén, M. (2018). Policy experimentation: core concepts, political dynamics, governance, and impacts. Policy Sciences, 51(2), 143–159.
Layfield, D. (2010). International-policy on climate-change: After Kyoto, what next? Environmental Politics, 19(4), 65 –661. Web.